时差N小时 发霉的奶酪

sually when we think of moldy¹ foods, we picture a month-old loaf of bread forgotten in the back of a refrigerator. But some moldy foods can be quite delicious. For instance, many cheeses owe their sharp flavor to molds. The making of any cheese is essentially² a process of limited, controlled spoilage³.

通常，我们一想到发霉的食物时，脑海中会浮现出一条遗忘在冰箱后面一个月的面包的画面。然而有些发霉的食物是相当美味的。例如，许多奶酪发霉之后就有一种独特的风味。任何奶酪的制作工艺实际就是一种有限的，可控制的发酵过程。

In effect, a mold partly digests, or rots the cheese. The molds used to ripen⁴ cheese are not the molds that would naturally develop on the cheese over time, but are specially-produced molds. During the process of aging any mold-ripened⁵ cheese, fats and proteins are broken down into strong smelling molecules⁶. These molecules give mold-ripened cheese its particularly strong odor and taste. A bluish-green mold helps ripen blue cheese, giving it its name, aroma⁷ and color.

实际上，霉菌会一定程度上吞噬或者腐蚀着奶酪。把奶酪催熟的霉菌并不是奶酪自然生长一段时间所产生的，而是一种特制的霉菌。在霉菌催熟奶酪的过程中，脂肪和蛋白质经分解释放强烈气味的分子。这些分子使催熟的奶酪具有特殊而又强烈的气味与芬芳，而蓝青色的斑点霉菌则从外观上给予蓝色熟奶酪以颜色，气味和名称。

In order to age blue cheese, a cheese maker⁸ injects the mold into the cheese. Cheeses like blue cheese that are ripened from within are frequently washed or brushed to remove undesirable⁹ microorganisms which might interfere¹⁰ with the activity of the ripening¹¹ mold inside. While blue cheese is mold-ripened from the inside, soft, pungent¹² cheeses like Camembert and Brie are ripened from the outside with a coat of a white mold whose enzymes¹³ slowly penetrate¹⁴ the cheese and transform it from a chalky, bland¹⁵ solid, into the custard-like, creamy treat cheese fanciers love.

为催熟蓝色奶酪，奶酪专家会向奶酪里添加催熟霉菌。蓝色奶酪等催熟奶酪则通过频繁洗刷，去除干扰催熟霉菌活动的多余微生物。与蓝色奶酪从里向外催熟的原理不同，向来以柔软、芳香著称的法国卡曼波特奶酪和布里白奶酪都是由外及里催熟的，表面的一层白霉菌会慢慢的将其中的化学酶渗入奶酪，并把白色无味的固体转变成人们喜爱的蛋糊乳状。

Of course, eating most moldy foods is not a good idea, but eating cheese that has ripened due to a special molding process can be a delectable¹⁶ experience.

当然，吃很多发霉的食物不是什么好事，但是吃那些在特殊霉变过程中变熟的奶酪会是一个很享受的体验。

1 moldy   

adj.发霉的

参考例句：

• She chucked the moldy potatoes in the dustbin.她把发霉的土豆扔进垃圾箱。
• Oranges can be kept for a long time without going moldy.橙子可以存放很长时间而不腐烂。

2 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

3 spoilage   

n.（食物等）变质，损坏

参考例句：

• He was determined to track down the cause of food spoilage.他决心查出食品腐烂的原因。
• The principal methods of avoiding spoilage are the use of pure yeast strains as starters.防止啤酒变坏的主要方法是用纯酵母菌株发酵。

4 ripen   

vt.使成熟；vi.成熟

参考例句：

• I'm waiting for the apples to ripen.我正在等待苹果成熟。
• You can ripen the tomatoes on a sunny windowsill.把西红柿放在有阳光的窗台上可以让它们成熟。

5 ripened   

v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They're collecting the ripened reddish berries. 他们正采集熟了的淡红草莓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The branches bent low with ripened fruits. 成熟的果实压弯了树枝。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

7 aroma   

n.香气，芬芳，芳香

参考例句：

• The whole house was filled with the aroma of coffee.满屋子都是咖啡的香味。
• The air was heavy with the aroma of the paddy fields.稻花飘香。

8 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

9 undesirable   

adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子

参考例句：

• They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
• Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。

10 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

11 ripening   

v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成

参考例句：

• The corn is blossoming [ripening]. 玉米正在开花[成熟]。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• When the summer crop is ripening, the autumn crop has to be sowed. 夏季作物成熟时，就得播种秋季作物。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 pungent   

adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的

参考例句：

• The article is written in a pungent style.文章写得泼辣。
• Its pungent smell can choke terrorists and force them out of their hideouts.它的刺激性气味会令恐怖分子窒息，迫使他们从藏身地点逃脱出来。

13 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。

14 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。

15 bland   

adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的

参考例句：

• He eats bland food because of his stomach trouble.他因胃病而吃清淡的食物。
• This soup is too bland for me.这汤我喝起来偏淡。

16 delectable   

adj.使人愉快的；美味的

参考例句：

• What delectable food you cook!你做的食品真好吃！
• But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance.但是今天这种可口的海味已不再大量存在。