时代周刊:100位年度女性赋予一个世纪的全新内涵（2）

Or the impact of the indelible dance disrupter Martha Graham,

还有永不磨灭的另类舞蹈家玛莎·格雷厄姆，

whom TIME would name "Dancer of the Century" in 1998 but whose concert ensemble's debut¹ was called Heretic.

1998年被《时代》周刊评为“世纪舞者”，演唱会乐团的首次亮相却被指“异端”的玛莎·格雷厄姆。

Or photographer Dorothea Lange, who started out shooting portraits of the privileged but whose eye gave us the faces of poverty and pride during the Depression:

又或者是出身特权阶层肖像拍摄，却通过自己的眼睛让我们看到了大萧条时期那些贫穷的面孔以及自豪的面孔的摄影师多萝西娅·兰格。她们的影响我们又要如何衡量？

"You will find it hard to forget this material of human erosion," one reviewer wrote of her incomparable curation of calamity².

“你会发现，（她镜头下的）那些人为侵蚀的素材有种令人过目不忘的本领，”一位评论家在谈到她那无人能及的记录灾难的摄影作品时写道。

Many of the women on this list exercised their influence at the margins³, in defense⁴ of the marginalized.

这份名单上的许多女性都是在边缘社会发挥他们的号召力，为边缘人群奔走呼告。

Recy Taylor, victim of a brutal⁵ rape⁶ by a gang of white men in 1944, defied intimidation⁷ and insisted the attackers be prosecuted⁸.

1944年被一群白人男子残忍强奸的雷伊·泰勒不顾恐吓，坚持起诉了袭击者。

Her example emboldened⁹ civil rights leaders who followed, including fearless bus riders like Rosa Parks and Claudette Colvin.

她的事迹鼓舞了后来的民权领袖，罗莎·帕克斯，克劳德特·科尔文等大无畏的公交乘客便受到了她的影响。

The Mirabal sisters were assassinated¹⁰ in 1960 for their protests against Dominican strongman Rafael Trujillo.

因抗议多米尼加独裁统治者拉斐尔·特鲁希略，米拉巴尔三姐妹于1960年惨遭暗杀。

Dolores Huerta co-founded the United Farm Workers union and conceived the boycott¹¹ that became the model for a movement.

多洛雷斯·韦尔塔不仅联合成立了国家农场工人协会，还为那场后来成为了权利运动标杆的抵制运动提供了构思。

Marsha P. Johnson helped lead the fight for LGBT rights, Judith Heumann for disability rights.

玛莎·P·约翰逊领导了LGBT权益运动，朱迪思·霍曼则领导了残疾人权益运动。

As individuals, as activists¹², they took substantial personal risks;

无论是作为个人还是作为活动家，他们都承受着巨大的个人风险；

as models, they showed people whose stories weren’t being told and whose lives weren’t being valued that dignity is not the monopoly of the dominant¹³.

尽管如此，作为模范，他们用行动告诉那些生命没有得到重视，故事也没有被讲述的人群，尊严并非统治者的专利。

Among these women are those whose contributions are infinitely¹⁴ more recognizable than they themselves ever were.

在这些女性中，有一部分人的贡献的辨识度远远高出了她们本人的辨识度。

To this day, educators struggle to close the confidence gap that discourages girls from going into science; Melinda Gates has made this a core of her mission.

时至今日，教育工作者仍在努力弥合阻碍女孩投身科学的信心鸿沟；这也是梅林达·盖茨为自己树立的核心使命。

Would it be any easier if more people knew the stories, grasped the possibilities represented by women like Rosalind Franklin,

罗莎琳德·富兰克林，在DNA¹⁵双螺旋鉴定方面做出了不可磨灭的贡献却被沃森和克里克抢了风头；

whose role in the identification of the DNA double helix was eclipsed by Watson and Crick;

格蕾丝·霍珀，集数学家、海军上将、计算机奇才等多重身份于一体；

or Grace Hopper, the mathematician/ Navy admiral/computer wizard;

屠呦呦，致力于治疗疟疾；

or Tu Youyou, who worked on a cure for malaria¹⁶;

弗朗索瓦·巴雷·西努西，帮助发现了后来被称为“艾滋病病毒”的逆转录病毒的……

or Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, who helped discover the retrovirus that came to be known as AIDS.

如果有更多的人了解到她们故事，领会到这类女性代表的可能性，事情会不会变得稍微容易一些？

Hollywood has started to color in some of those empty spaces, greenlighting movies about women like American spy Virginia Hall.

好莱坞已经开始给这样的空白区域上色，为《弗吉尼亚·霍尔：伟大的美国瘸腿间谍》 这样的女性电影大开绿灯。

But particularly in science, “if you can’t see it, you can’t be it,” so these are stories whose illumination is long overdue¹⁷.

问题是，很多时候，尤其是在科学领域，“看不到便做不到”，所以，这些故事早就应该发光发热了。

Finally, there are women who exercised moral leadership, doing hard things against all self-interest.

除此之外，还有一些女性充当的是道德领袖，她们披荆斩棘，她们不惜放弃自身所有利益。

Margaret Chase Smith staring down Joe McCarthy;

向乔·麦卡锡投去了愤怒的目光的玛格丽特·蔡斯·史密斯；

or Anna Walentynowicz organizing her fellow shipyard workers in communist Poland;

在共产主义波兰组织造船厂同事抗议的安娜·瓦伦第诺维茨；

Wangari Maathai, fighting for both Kenya’s land and its democracy,

为肯尼亚大地和民主挺身而出，

reminding people everywhere that invisible people who do the right thing can change everything.

提醒各地的人们，即便是无名之辈做正确的事情也能改变一切的旺加里·马塔伊，她们都是这样的道德领袖。

If power is a muscle, driving progress through strength, influence is a magnet, drawing people toward possibilities they might otherwise never have imagined.

如果说权力是肌肉，权利能够通过力量推动进步，那么影响力就是磁铁，能将人们引向若非如此他们断然不会想象到的可能性的磁铁。

The women profiled here enlarged their world and explored new ones, broke free of convention and constraint¹⁸, welcomed into community the lost and left behind.

本文致敬的这些女性不仅拓宽了自己的世界，还探索了新的世界，打破了常规与束缚，将迷失的，被遗弃的人群引入了大众的视野。

They were the different drummers, to whose beat a century marched without always even knowing it.

她们是一群另类的鼓手，过去的这个世纪便是在她们的鼓声中——尽管很多时候并未意识到这一点——走到了现在。

So this special project is an act of discovery, and rediscovery, of the possibilities that come when we look and listen differently to the world these women made.

所以，本期的特别策划便是换一种角度审视、聆听她们创造的这个世界，发现，并重新发现她们带来的可能性。

1 debut   

n.首次演出，初次露面

参考例句：

• That same year he made his Broadway debut, playing a suave radio journalist.在那同一年里，他初次在百老汇登台，扮演一个温文而雅的电台记者。
• The actress made her debut in the new comedy.这位演员在那出新喜剧中首次登台演出。

2 calamity   

n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件

参考例句：

• Even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
• The attack on Pearl Harbor was a crushing calamity.偷袭珍珠港(对美军来说)是一场毁灭性的灾难。

3 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

6 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

7 intimidation   

n.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
• The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。

8 prosecuted   

a.被起诉的

参考例句：

• The editors are being prosecuted for obscenity. 编辑因刊载污秽文字而被起诉。
• The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。

9 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 assassinated   

v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏

参考例句：

• The prime minister was assassinated by extremists. 首相遭极端分子暗杀。
• Then, just two days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. 跟着在两天以后，肯尼迪总统在达拉斯被人暗杀。 来自辞典例句

11 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

12 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

14 infinitely   

adv.无限地，无穷地

参考例句：

• There is an infinitely bright future ahead of us.我们有无限光明的前途。
• The universe is infinitely large.宇宙是无限大的。

15 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

16 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

17 overdue   

adj.过期的，到期未付的；早该有的，迟到的

参考例句：

• The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了，被坏天气耽搁了。
• The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了，因为房租过期未付。

18 constraint   

n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物

参考例句：

• The boy felt constraint in her presence.那男孩在她面前感到局促不安。
• The lack of capital is major constraint on activities in the informal sector.资本短缺也是影响非正规部门生产经营的一个重要制约因素。