时代周刊:美国疫后自由市场已逝,接下来该走哪条路?(2)

There are three key pillars to a new, managed market approach: effective regulation, sizable public investment and careful macroeconomic supervision¹.

新的市场管理方式有三大重要支柱：有效的监管、大规模的公共投资和谨慎的宏观经济监管。

A managed market requires centralized, accountable institutions embracing their power to create stable and competitive markets where innovation can flourish and labor² shares in the wealth.

管理化市场需要集中的、负责的机构用自己的力量来使市场变得稳定、有竞争力，在那里创新可以蓬勃发展，劳动能够分享财富。

To help think about this new big picture, it helps to think small and look back to our history.

为了筑造这幅新的大图景，我们不妨从小事做起，回顾一下历史。

The oldest continuously operating farmers' market in the U.S., the Lancaster Central Market, is in the heart of Pennsylvania Dutch country.

兰开斯特中央市场是美国经营历史最悠久的农贸市场，位于宾夕法尼亚州荷兰乡村的中心地带。

Local farmers started hauling their crops there in 1730, and today it still occupies the beautiful red brick building citizens built over a century ago in the center of the charming downtown of Lancaster.

当地农民于1730年开始在这里运送庄稼。如今，在迷人的兰开斯特市中心仍居住着100多年前建造的美丽红砖建筑。

But the Lancaster Central Market hasn't survived through the centuries by luck or good fortune.

但几个世纪以来，兰开斯特中央市场并不是靠运气存活下来的。

The leaders of the market and of local government have tended to the market to help it flourish and grow.

该市场的领导者和地方政府都倾向于伸手推进市场的繁荣和发展。

They have been guided by the same principles that can create broadbased American prosperity.

他们的目标相同，即可以为美国创造大的繁荣。

The market is carefully regulated today and has been through its history.

如今市场受到了谨慎的监管，也经历了它的历史。

Back in the 18th century, the state designated the market site, and participants selected a market clerk to help with its day-to-day administration.

早在18世纪，国家便指定了市场地点，参与者选择了一个市场职员帮忙做日常管理。

Zoom³ forward nearly 300 years, and the market continues to function similarly today.

将时间往前推近300年，今天的市场仍保持着类似的功能。

A market association agrees on rules to facilitate commerce, like the days and times it's open.

一个市场协会就促进商业的规则达成了一致，比如它的营业日期和时间。

It creates basic standards to ensure cleanliness and quality and that the goods are from small-scale sellers who act ethically⁴ and legally.

它制定了基本标准以确保清洁和质量，并确保货物来自符合道德和法律的小规模卖家。

The Lancaster market is not an exception—everything from commercial malls to the NYSE relies on regulations to help create fairness and prosperity.

兰开斯特市场也不例外——从商业中心到纽交所的一切都依赖于法规来帮助创造公平和繁荣。

When regulatory frameworks are clear and fairly applied⁵, they engender⁶ a high level of trust and security for investors⁷ and consumers alike.

当监管框架被明确划分并公平地适用时，它们会为投资者和消费者带来高度的信任和安全。

Many institutions (like the SEC or FTC) already exist in Washington to regulate markets.

华盛顿已经有许多机构(如美国证券交易委员会或联邦贸易委员会)来监管市场。

In addition to smart regulation, markets need public investment to flourish.

除了明智的监管，市场还需要公共投资来繁荣。

In order to facilitate commerce at the Lancaster market, the local government had to invest.

为了促进兰开斯特市场的贸易，当地政府不得不进行投资。

In 1889, the city built a large redbrick airy market house in response to the demands of vendors⁸ and business owners for protected indoor space.

1889年，为了满足商贩和企业主对室内空间保护的要求，该市建造了一座大型的通风的的市场房屋。

Once the physical infrastructure⁹ was in place, the cost of setting up a stand went down for the merchants and commerce could happen no matter the weather.

实体基础设施一旦就位，商人设立摊位的成本就会降低，无论天气如何都可以进行商业活动。

1 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

2 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

3 zoom   

n.急速上升；v.突然扩大，急速上升

参考例句：

• The airplane's zoom carried it above the clouds.飞机的陡直上升使它飞到云层之上。
• I live near an airport and the zoom of passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在一个飞机场附近，昼夜都能听到飞机飞过的嗡嗡声。

4 ethically   

adv.在伦理上，道德上

参考例句：

• Ethically , we have nothing to be ashamed about . 从伦理上说，我们没有什么好羞愧的。
• Describe the appropriate action to take in an ethically ambiguous situation. 描述适当行为采取在一个道德地模棱两可的情况。

5 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

6 engender   

v.产生，引起

参考例句：

• A policy like that tends to engender a sense of acceptance,and the research literature suggests this leads to greater innovation.一个能够使员工产生认同感的政策，研究表明这会走向更伟大的创新。
• The sense of injustice they engender is a threat to economic and political security.它们造成的不公平感是对经济和政治安全的威胁。

7 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

8 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。