走遍全世界55: 冰山

Icebergs¹ are among nature's most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops² them. They come into being - somewhere - in faraway, frigid³ waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence⁴, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.

冰山是大自然最壮观的创造之一，但大多数人却从未看到过冰山，一种朦胧神秘的气氛笼罩着它们。冰山形成于久远的、寒冷的水体中，而且伴随着雷声轰鸣般的嘈杂和水花汹涌的风暴，但却无人耳闻目睹。冰山仅存在短短的一段时间就慢慢地悄无声息地融化掉。

Objects of sheerest beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted⁵ faintly or in darker hues⁶. They are graceful⁷, stately, inspiring - in calm, sunlight seas.

冰山具有最纯粹的美，人们如是说。冰山呈现出千姿百态，可能白得耀眼，或者是闪耀着蓝色、绿色或紫色的玻璃般的光芒，或浓或淡。它们在平静的阳光照耀的海水中显得优雅堂皇，令人浮想联翩。

But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are - in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them.

但是人们亦把冰山称为恐怖的危险的。它们的确如此——在夜间、雾天和风暴肆虐时。即便是在晴朗的天气里，与它们保持一段安全距离也是明智的。

Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers⁹ that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt.

冰山的大部分体积隐藏于水下，因此其水下部分的伸展远远超过可见的顶部。冰山也可能出人意料地翻滚，剧烈地搅动周围的水体。

Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody¹⁰ snows that drifed down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.

冰山是冰川的一部分，从冰川断裂漂流进水中，一段时间后融化。今天的冰山由多年前降落的雪花形成。它们的体内是数百年，或数千年，有时甚至是数百万年前的降雪。这些雪花落在极地或寒冷的山上，仅有少量融化或根本不融化，这样经过许多年或许多世纪后积累了巨大的深度。

英语词汇整理：

1.  spectacular adj. 壮观的，令人惊叹的 n. 壮观，豪华节目

eg: The view from the top of the tower was spectacular.
从塔顶远眺景色蔚为壮观。

相关短语：
spectacular reflection 镜面反射

2. mystery n. 神秘（性），神秘的人（或事物）

eg: The flying saucer is yet an unsolved mystery.   
飞碟仍然是未解之谜。

相关短语：
murder mystery 谋杀之谜
mystery to 对……来说是个谜
make a mystery of 把……神秘化

3. frigid adj. 寒冷的，冷淡的

eg: Frigid winds blew from the north.
寒风从北方吹来。

相关短语：
frigid zone 寒带
frigid climate 极冷的气候

4. turbulence n. 骚乱，动荡，喧嚣，狂暴，湍流

eg: The world advances amidst turbulence.
世界在动荡中前进。

相关短语：
atmospheric¹¹ turbulence 大气湍流
turbulence intensity¹² 湍流强度
air turbulence 空气扰动

5. dazzlingly adv. 灿烂地，耀眼地

eg: Always smile dazzlingly - it will light up your life.
始终保持灿烂的微笑，这将会照亮你的一生。

P.S.: 动词dazzle的变形，解释为“使......目眩，使......眼花”

eg: The sun, glinting from the pool, dazzled me.
池水折射的阳光使我目眩。

6. churning n. 搅拌器；奶桶 v. 搅拌 adj. 搅拌的

eg: Inside, she was a maelstrom¹³ of churning emotions.
她心中的情感似波涛汹涌，起伏不定。

P.S.: 该词由“churn”演变而来，可用作于动词，常用词语churn out（大量生产；大量炮制）

7. glacier⁸ n. 冰川，冰河

eg: The gorge¹⁴ was formed by a glacier.
这个峡谷是由冰河形成的。

相关短语：
glacier national park 冰河国家公园；国家冰川公园（美国）
glacier plain 冰川平原

8. drift vi. 漂流（泊） n. 漂流，漂流物；大意；趋势

eg: We proceeded to drift on up the river.
我们继续在河上漂流着。

相关短语：
drift along 慢慢向前漂（飘）；游荡，混日子
drift apart 漂离；在思想、感情等方面疏远
drift away  逐渐离去；开始用不同的方式思考或感觉
drift in 漂；飘入；偶尔到来，顺便来访
drift out 漂（走）；散开；蔓延
drift towards 飘或漂向……；因未受阻而逐渐达到（某种状态等）
let things drift 放任自流，听之任之
catch the drift of 开始明白，理解……的含义
drift off 渐渐离去；漫无目的地移动；迷迷糊糊地睡去
on the drift （船）漂流；流浪

1 icebergs   

n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The icebergs towered above them. 冰山高耸于他们上方。 来自辞典例句

2 envelops   

v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• He glued many envelops yesterday. 他昨天用胶粘了许多信封。 来自辞典例句
• Ask your friends or mother and father to save used envelops for you. 让你的朋友或父母为你留下用过的信封。 来自英语晨读30分（高二）

3 frigid   

adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的

参考例句：

• The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long.水冰冷彻骨，他在下面呆不了太长时间。
• She returned his smile with a frigid glance.对他的微笑她报以冷冷的一瞥。

4 turbulence   

n.喧嚣，狂暴，骚乱，湍流

参考例句：

• The turbulence caused the plane to turn over.空气的激流导致飞机翻转。
• The world advances amidst turbulence.世界在动荡中前进。

5 tinted   

adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• a pair of glasses with tinted lenses 一副有色镜片眼镜
• a rose-tinted vision of the world 对世界的理想化看法

6 hues   

色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点

参考例句：

• When the sun rose a hundred prismatic hues were reflected from it. 太阳一出，更把它映得千变万化、异彩缤纷。
• Where maple trees grow, the leaves are often several brilliant hues of red. 在枫树生长的地方，枫叶常常呈现出数种光彩夺目的红色。

7 graceful   

adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的

参考例句：

• His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
• The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。

8 glacier   

n.冰川，冰河

参考例句：

• The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。
• The upper surface of glacier is riven by crevasses.冰川的上表面已裂成冰隙。

9 glaciers   

冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
• It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分（高一）

10 embody   

vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录

参考例句：

• The latest locomotives embody many new features. 这些最新的机车具有许多新的特色。
• Hemingway's characters plainly embody his own values and view of life.海明威笔下的角色明确反映出他自己的价值观与人生观。

11 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

12 intensity   

n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
• The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

13 maelstrom   

n.大乱动；大漩涡

参考例句：

• Inside,she was a maelstrom of churning emotions.她心中的情感似波涛汹涌，起伏不定。
• The anxious person has the spirit like a maelstrom.焦虑的人的精神世界就像一个大漩涡。

14 gorge   

n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃

参考例句：

• East of the gorge leveled out.峡谷东面地势变得平坦起来。
• It made my gorge rise to hear the news.这消息令我作呕。