走遍全世界56: 美国黑熊

American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In th eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born.

美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部，大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，他们则长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。在北部，黑熊其实长着灰色或白色的毛。就是在一胎所生的小熊中，都可能混杂棕毛和黑毛。

Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell. Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous, but if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, it is a formidable enemy.

黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，5—6英尺长，300—500磅重。它们的眼睛和耳朵都很小，他们的视力和听觉不如嗅觉那样好。像所有的熊一样，黑熊胆小，笨拙，很少具有危险性。但如果受到攻击，大部分黑熊会以很快的速度爬上树和奔跑。当发怒或受惊吓时，黑熊会成为可怕的对手。

Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, roots, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate¹. Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains² alomost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.

黑熊以树叶、草、树根、水果、浆果、昆虫、鱼，甚至更大的动物为食。熊类，包括黑熊的最有趣的一个特点是它们的冬眠。与松鼠、旱獭和其他别的林地动物不同，熊并不真正地冬眠。虽然熊在冬天的几个月中不吃东西，靠体内脂肪维持生命，但它们的体温保持正常，并有规律地一分钟呼吸4或5次。

Most black bears live alone, except during mating season. They prefer to live in caves, hollow logs, or dense³ thickets⁴. A litter of one to four cubs⁵ is born in January or February after a gestation⁶ period of six to nine months, and they remain with their mother until they are fully⁷ grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in game preserves set aside for them.

随交配季节外，大多数黑熊独自生活。它们喜欢住在洞里、空心的大木头里或茂密的树丛里。经过6到9个月的怀孕期后一胎1—4个小熊在1月或2月出生。它们同母熊住在一起，直到它们完全长大，即1岁半左右。黑熊在野外可以活到长达30年，在专门的保护区中甚至能活得更长。

英语词汇整理：

1. frightened adj. 受惊的

eg: A cry came from the frightened child.
哭声来自受惊的孩子

相关短语：
frightened to death 吓死了
be frightened at 对
be frightened of 害怕

2. formidable adj. 强大的，可怕的，难对付的

eg: There's no formidable obstacles in the world.   
世上没有无法逾越的障碍。

相关短语：
formidable challenge 可怕的挑战
formidable adversaries⁸ 强大对手

3. characteristic n. 特点，特性，特色 adj. 典型的，特有的

eg: Kindness is one of his characteristics.
和善是他的特性之一。

相关短语：
characteristic of 特有的；表示……特性的
characteristic feature 性能特点

4. squirrel n. 松鼠

eg: The squirrel is a lovely small animal.
松鼠是一种可爱的小动物。

相关短语：
squirrel away 贮存
ground squirrel 地松鼠
flying squirrel 鼯鼠

5. hibernate v. 冬眠，蛰伏

eg: Black bears hibernate in winters.
黑熊在冬季蛰居过冬。

6. hollow adj. 空的，空洞的，凹陷的，虚伪的，（声音）沉闷的 n. 山谷，洞，窟窿

eg: He looked young, dark and sharp-featured, with hollow cheeks.
他看起来很年轻，肤色黝黑，面部棱角分明，双颊凹陷。

相关短语：
beat all hollow  把（某人）完全打败；使……大为失色
in the hollow of someone's hand 在某人的手掌心里
ring hollow （话语）听着空洞

7. gestation n. 怀孕，孕育时期

eg: Human gestation is a nine month period.
人类妊娠期为九个月。

相关短语：
gestation period 妊娠期；怀孕期；怀孕期间
ectopic gestation 异位妊娠

8. preserve vt. 保护，维持；保存，保藏；腌制

eg: It is highly important to preserve the environment.
保护自然环境至关重要。

相关短语：
preserve from  防止；保护……不……
preserve against  使免受污染
preserve in/ with 用……保存

1 hibernate   

v.冬眠，蛰伏

参考例句：

• Bears often hibernate in caves.熊常在山洞里冬眠。
• Some warm-blooded animals do not need to hibernate.一些温血动物不需要冬眠。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

4 thickets   

n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物

参考例句：

• Small trees became thinly scattered among less dense thickets. 小树稀稀朗朗地立在树林里。 来自辞典例句
• The entire surface is covered with dense thickets. 所有的地面盖满了密密层层的灌木丛。 来自辞典例句

5 cubs   

n.幼小的兽，不懂规矩的年轻人( cub的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lioness guarding her cubs 守护幼崽的母狮
• Lion cubs depend on their mother to feed them. 狮子的幼仔依靠母狮喂养。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 gestation   

n.怀孕；酝酿

参考例句：

• The gestation period can be anything between 95 and 150 days.妊娠期从95天至150天不等。
• This film was two years in gestation.这部电影酝酿了两年。

7 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

8 adversaries   

n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• That would cause potential adversaries to recoil from a challenge. 这会迫使潜在的敌人在挑战面前退缩。 来自辞典例句
• Every adversaries are more comfortable with a predictable, coherent America. 就连敌人也会因有可以预料的，始终一致的美国而感到舒服得多。 来自辞典例句