世界名人简介 第26期:凯萨·查维斯

 Cesar Chavez was a Mexican-American labour leader and civil rights activist¹. He was a farm worker who co-founded the biggest farm workers’ union in the USA and improved the working conditions of thousands of farm labourers. Many see him as one of America’s greatest civil rights leaders. More and more US states are honoring him by making his birthday a holiday.

凯萨·查维斯是墨西哥裔美国劳工领导人，同时也是一名民权人士。他曾经是农场工人，并与他人联合创立了美国最大的农场工人联盟，他改善了上千名农场劳动者的工作环境。许多人认为他是美国历史上最伟大的民权领导者之一。许多州还将他的诞辰定位节日来纪念他。

Chavez was born in Arizona in 1927 to farm worker parents. His childhood was very tough because of the poverty caused by the Great Depression. Chavez was a natural leader and in 1952 he became an administrator² in the Latino civil rights group the Community Service Organization. He travelled throughout California urging Mexican Americans to vote and speaking about workers’ rights.

1927年，查维斯出生于美国亚利桑那州的农民工人家庭。由于大萧条所带来的贫困，他的童年非常艰辛。查维斯是天生的领导者，1925年，他成为了社区服务组织(CSO)拉丁裔公民权利组的管理者。为了敦促墨西哥裔美国人投票，他走遍了加州各地，并发表演说支持工人权利。

In 1962, Chavez co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) with Dolores Huerta. His first success was to lead a California grape pickers strike for better wages. The strike lasted five years and attracted the attention of Robert Kennedy. The NFWA won its first major labour victory for American farm workers. Chavez moved on to campaign for the rights of other farm workers.

1962年，查维斯与洛雷斯·韦尔塔共同建立了国家农场工人协会(NFWA)。他的首个胜利就是让加州葡萄采摘工人罢工，以谋求更高工资。这一罢工持续了5年的时间，并引起了罗伯特·肯尼迪的关注。国家农场工人协会为美国农场工人赢得了首个重大工人胜利。查维斯继续为其他农场工人谋求权力。

The NFWA developed into the United Farm Workers. Chavez led marches and encouraged farm workers across America to join together. He helped them strike and organize boycotts³. In the 1980s he fasted to draw public attention to the dangerous use of pesticides⁴. Chavez died in 1993 of natural causes. Ten years later, America honoured him with a postage stamp.

国家农场工人协会逐渐发展成了联合农业工人工会。查维斯带领大家，并鼓励全美国的农场工人要联合在一起。他帮助他们进行罢工，并组织抵抗活动。20世纪80年代，查维斯抗议使用有毒农药，这让他受到了公众的关注。1993年，查维斯因自然原因死亡。10年之后，美国发行了查维斯邮票来纪念他。

1. co-found 联合创立

例句：Mr. Li worked at Infoseek, one of Silicon⁵ Valley’s earliest search engine companies, before returning to China to co-found Baidu with a young biochemist.

李彦宏早先在硅谷最早的搜索引擎公司Infoseek工作，后来回国与一位年轻的生物化学学者共同创立了百度公司，并于2005年以27美元的股价在纳斯达克上市。

2.draw attention 引起关注

例句：No wonder amazing silhouette⁶ photographs draw attention of people on-line all over the world.

难怪这些 惊人的剪影照片 能够在网络上吸引到如此多的关注。

3.postage stamp 邮票

例句：I've seen students photocopy⁷ exams down to the size of a postage stamp.

我曾看到过学生将考试内容复印到,一张邮票大小的纸上。

4.urge to 激励

例句：Each time these events happened, almost without fail, I would smoke — either that, or I’d get the urge to do so.

每当这些事情发生，几乎是无一例外的，我就会开始抽烟，否则我就会有强烈的冲动。

1 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

2 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

3 boycotts   

（对某事物的）抵制( boycott的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Their methods included boycotts and court action, supplemented by'sit-ins". 他们的主要方法包括联合抵制、法庭起诉，还附带进行静坐抗议。
• Are boycotts for other purposes illegal? 至于用于其它目的的联合抵制行动是否也是非法的呢？

4 pesticides   

n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 )；除害药物

参考例句：

• vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
• There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

6 silhouette   

n.黑色半身侧面影，影子，轮廓；v.描绘成侧面影，照出影子来，仅仅显出轮廓

参考例句：

• I could see its black silhouette against the evening sky.我能看到夜幕下它黑色的轮廓。
• I could see the silhouette of the woman in the pickup.我可以见到小卡车的女人黑色半身侧面影。

7 photocopy   

n.影印本；v.影印

参考例句：

• The original reproduces clearly in a photocopy.原件复印得十分清晰。
• What's wrong with the photocopy machine?复印机出了什么问题？