世界名人简介 第110期:马尔克姆·X

 Malcolm X, a.k.a. El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, was a black American activist¹ who had a lasting² impact on race relations in America. His speeches and political work helped bring to the world’s attention the evil of racism³ in the USA. He led an extraordinary life that would take him from poverty, crime and prison to being a much respected community leader.

马尔克姆·X，也被人们称之为“艾尔-哈吉·马立克·艾尔-夏巴兹”，他是一名黑人人权活动人士，对美国种族主义问题产生深远影响。通过公开演讲和政治活动，美国种族主义问题引起全球关注。他曾遭遇贫困，还曾犯下罪行被捕入狱，到成为一名受人敬重的团体领袖，他的一声跌宕起伏。

He was born Malcolm Little in 1925 but rejected his surname later in life because it represented his slavery past. He adopted ‘X’ to signify his unknown ancestry⁴. Malcolm was top of his class at junior high school and wanted to be a lawyer. A teacher told him he was the wrong colour to study law and he dropped out of high school.

马尔克姆出生于1925年，原名马尔克姆·利托，但因姓氏利托包含奴隶史，他随即决定弃用。并用字母“X”来代表祖先未知。初中时期，马尔克姆是班里最优秀的学生，并梦想成为一名律师。老师告诉他黑人没法成为律师，马尔克姆随后高中辍学。

He moved to New York in 1943 and slowly became involved in drug dealing⁵, gambling⁶, robbery and other crimes. In 1946, he was sent to prison for ten years. He became an avid⁷ reader and educated himself in many topics. He also converted to Islam and met leaders of the Nation of Islam and the Black Muslims. He left prison in 1952.

1943年，马尔克姆前往纽约，并逐渐参与贩毒、赌博、并犯有抢劫等其它罪行。1946年，他入狱十年。服刑期间，马尔克姆发奋读书，并自学许多科目。并成为穆斯林教徒，遇见了“伊斯兰国民大会”以及“黑人穆斯林”领袖。1952年，马尔克姆出狱。

In 1954, Malcolm X became leader of a Nation of Islam temple in New York. He became well known for his political views and regularly appeared on TV and in magazines. He became famous around the world. In 1964, Malcolm X made his pilgrimage to Mecca, where he realized all races were the same. Malcolm X was assassinated⁸ while making a speech in 1965.

1954年，他成为纽约“穆斯林清真寺社团”领袖。并因政见独到而声名远播，还经常出现在电视和各大杂志中。他成为了一名全球名人。1964年，马尔克姆前往麦加朝觐，并认为所有种族一律平等。1965年，他在公开演讲中遭刺杀身亡。

1.make a speech 发表演讲

例句：A concert invited Joseph to make a speech.

一个音乐会邀请约瑟夫去做演讲。

2.drop out of 退学

例句：But many aboriginal⁹ northerners drop out of school early and end up relying on government funds or public-sector jobs.

但是大部分土著的北方人早早的就退学了，最终靠政府基资助和公共部门的工作来生活。

3.drug dealing 贩毒

例句：Only drug dealing, gunrunning, and money laundering¹⁰ are more profitable.

只有贩毒、军火走私和洗钱比它更有利可图。

4.junior high school 中学

例句：My brother and I are both junior high school students.

我的兄弟和我两个是中学学生。

1 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

2 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

3 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

4 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

5 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

6 gambling   

n.赌博；投机

参考例句：

• They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
• The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。

7 avid   

adj.热心的；贪婪的；渴望的；劲头十足的

参考例句：

• He is rich,but he is still avid of more money.他很富有,但他还想贪图更多的钱。
• She was avid for praise from her coach.那女孩渴望得到教练的称赞。

8 assassinated   

v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏

参考例句：

• The prime minister was assassinated by extremists. 首相遭极端分子暗杀。
• Then, just two days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. 跟着在两天以后，肯尼迪总统在达拉斯被人暗杀。 来自辞典例句

9 aboriginal   

adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的

参考例句：

• They managed to wipe out the entire aboriginal population.他们终于把那些土著人全部消灭了。
• The lndians are the aboriginal Americans.印第安人是美国的土著人。

10 laundering   

n.洗涤（衣等），洗烫（衣等）；洗（钱）v.洗（衣服等），洗烫（衣服等）( launder的现在分词 )；洗（黑钱）（把非法收入改头换面，变为貌似合法的收入）

参考例句：

• Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering. 洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was charged with laundering money. 他被指控洗钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》