英语听力—环球英语 598 Memorial in a Mountain

　　Voice 1
Hello and welcome to Spotlight¹. I'm Joshua Leo.
Voice 2
And I'm Christy VanArragon. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
Imagine that you are travelling through the mountains. Suddenly, you see a face in the mountains. It is the image of a man on a horse. But it is very large! This image is not finished yet, but it already covers the side of a mountain. So who is this man? Today's Spotlight program is on the Native American hero Crazy Horse, and the mountain memorial created for him.
Voice 2
Crazy Horse was a member of the Oglala Sioux Lakota tribe³. There are no records that give his exact year of birth. But people believe he was born around the year eighteen forty. Crazy Horse was called Curly⁴ when he was a child. His father was also named Crazy Horse. Curly showed bravery and courage in battle, so his tribe named Curly, Crazy Horse too. This showed that he was like his father.
Voice 1
He was a brave and humble⁵ warrior⁶. Because of this, his tribe chose Crazy Horse to be their leader. Often tribes⁷ have many leaders. But Crazy Horse would be a very important leader to the Sioux people.
Voice 2
Crazy Horse and his tribe often had conflicts with the United States government. One particular conflict between the Sioux and the United States government was the Battle of Little Big Horn. The Sioux Native Americans defeated General Custer and his men at this battle. Although the details are not clear, many stories show the importance of Crazy Horse in this battle, and many others.
Voice 1
Even though the Native Americans won the battle, their victory did not protect them. The United States government invaded⁸ their land. And United States soldiers killed their main supply of food, the buffalo⁹.
Voice 2
After a few months, with Crazy Horse's leadership, the rest of his tribe decided¹⁰ to surrender¹¹. The tribe did this to survive the long, cold winter months. It was a difficult decision. But because they surrendered¹², the tribe and their culture survived.
Voice 1
Crazy Horse continued to have conflicts with some United States leaders. Finally, they arrested him. Documents suggest that he fought against the arrest. A United States Soldier injured Crazy Horse in the back with a knife. This wound led to his death later that night. He died on September fifth, eighteen seventy seven.
Voice 2
A few years later, Native American leaders decided to create a memorial. They chose Crazy Horse as the model. They chose him because he was a loyal¹³ hero. He is remembered for his modesty¹⁴, courage, and his love for his people. He is a hero because he died while serving his people. His leadership saved his people and their culture. The leaders and the people wrote to the sculptor¹⁶ Korczak Ziolkowski to start building the Crazy Horse memorial.
Voice 1
Korczak Ziolkowski was born on September third, 1908. This was almost exactly thirty years after Crazy Horse was killed. Korczak is most famous for being a mountain sculptor. He forms and shapes material into statues or objects.
Voice 2
In the summer of 1939, sculptor Gutzon Borglum asked Korczak to be his assistant. Korczak would help with a very special project - Mount² Rushmore. This monument honours four early US presidents. Each man was important in shaping the country. So Borglum and his assistants shaped the mountain to show the faces of these presidents.
Voice 1
News spread of Korczak's excellent work. Lakota Chief Henry Standing¹⁷ Bear wrote a letter to the sculptor. He asked Korczak to help build a memorial for the Native Americans. He explained his reason in a letter,
Voice 3
"My fellow chiefs and I would like the white man to know that the red man has great heroes, also."
Voice 2
The two men met and started looking for mountains to use for their statue. At age thirty four, Korczak devoted¹⁸ the rest of his life to the Crazy Horse memorial.
Voice 1
Chief Henry Standing Bear and other Native American leaders had a particular area for the memorial. This was the Black Hills in the state of South Dakota. The Black Hills are very important to the Lakota tribe. Chief Henry Standing Bear chose the mountain in nineteen forty six.
Voice 2
Korczak began designing the statue. He did not plan to create a statue that looked exactly like Crazy Horse. History tells us that there are no pictures of Crazy Horse. He never wanted his own picture taken. People often asked Korczak just how he would sculpt¹⁵ Crazy Horse with no picture. He answered by saying
Voice 4
"Crazy Horse is being sculpted¹⁹ not to look like him, but more as a memorial to the spirit of Crazy Horse and to his people."
Voice 1
Korczak wanted Crazy Horse to be riding a horse in the statue. He has Crazy Horse pointing his left hand over his horse's head. Korczak did this as a symbol of a talk Crazy Horse had with a European man. The man asked Crazy Horse where Crazy Horse's people were, because the US government had taken their land. Crazy Horse answered,
Voice 5
"My people are where my dead lie buried."
Voice 2
Korczak made his first mark on the mountain on June third, nineteen forty eight.
Korczak and other workers used bombs to help sculpt the mountain. They carefully planned each bomb. Today workers still use bombs to shape the memorial, as well as other tools. The bombs help to remove a great amount of the rock at the same time.
Voice 1
Korczak and the Memorial Foundation²⁰ refused to accept any money from the United States government. Today, they still refuse any government funding. Korczak believed that the public would appreciate his work. He also believed that the public would help pay for the project. He believed in individual work and wanted it to remain a memorial that the public helped build.
Voice 2
Korczak died on October twentieth, 1982. His wife Ruth and seven of his ten children took over his project. The family and workers are still working on this mountain memorial today.
Voice 1
No one knows when the memorial will be complete. Things such as weather, money and building equipment can decide how fast or slow the progress is. When completed, the memorial in the mountain will be six hundred and forty one feet long and five hundred and sixty three feet high. That is one big memorial!
Voice 2
With the Native American community, Korczak started a memorial that would represent and honour all Native American tribes. He was not Native American. But he believed in the memorial. After death, his body was even buried there.
Voice 1
Both Korczak and Crazy Horse are gone, but no-one will forget them or their goals. The Sioux culture has survived. And the memorial continues to tell the story of Native Americans tribes to every visitor.
Voice 2
The writer of this program was Erin Layman²¹. The producer was Joshua Leo. The voices were from the United States. All quotes have been adapted for this program and voice by Spotlight. For more information on the Crazy Horse Memorial visit the link on our website at w w w DOT english DOT net. This program is called "Memorial in a Mountain".

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。

3 tribe   

n.部落，种族，一伙人

参考例句：

• This is a subject tribe.这是个受他人统治的部落。
• Many of the tribe's customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

4 curly   

adj.卷曲的，卷缩的

参考例句：

• The little boy has curly hair.这小男孩长着一头卷发。
• She is tall and dark with curly hair.她高高的个子，黑皮肤，卷头发。

5 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

6 warrior   

n.勇士，武士，斗士

参考例句：

• The young man is a bold warrior.这个年轻人是个很英勇的武士。
• A true warrior values glory and honor above life.一个真正的勇士珍视荣誉胜过生命。

7 tribes   

n.部落( tribe的名词复数 )；（动、植物的）族；（一）帮；大群

参考例句：

• tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
• In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes. 非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 invaded   

v.侵入，侵略( invade的过去式和过去分词 )；涌入；侵袭；侵犯

参考例句：

• Troops invaded on August 9th that year. 军队是在那年的8月9日入侵的。
• The diseased tissue can be easily invaded by these microorganisms. 有病的组织容易被微生物侵袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 buffalo   

n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛

参考例句：

• Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
• The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

11 surrender   

v.投降，自首；屈服；交出，放弃

参考例句：

• He preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
• Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender before the enemy.刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。

12 surrendered   

n.电子放单；Telex releasedv.投降( surrender的过去式和过去分词 )；放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• The bandit chief surrendered himself to despair and took his own life. 匪首在绝望中自杀了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She gradually surrendered her dream of becoming an actress. 她渐渐放弃了当演员的梦想。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 loyal   

adj.忠诚的，忠心的

参考例句：

• He is a loyal friend.他是一位忠诚的朋友。
• I judge him to be loyal.我认为他很忠诚。

14 modesty   

n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素

参考例句：

• Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。
• As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后，谦虚使人进步。

15 sculpt   

n.雕刻，雕塑，雕刻品，雕塑品

参考例句：

• When I sculpt,my style is expressionistic.我的雕刻风格是表现主义。
• Then,sculpt the remaining fringe parting.然后雕刻剩余的边缘部分。

16 sculptor   

n.雕刻家，雕刻家

参考例句：

• A sculptor forms her material.雕塑家把材料塑造成雕塑品。
• The sculptor rounded the clay into a sphere.那位雕塑家把黏土做成了一个球状。

17 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

18 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

19 sculpted   

adj.经雕塑的

参考例句：

• a display of animals sculpted in ice 冰雕动物展
• The ladies had their hair sculpted by the leading coiffeur of the day. 女士们的发型都是当代有名的理发师做的。

20 foundation   

n.[pl.]地基；基础；基金会；建立，创办

参考例句：

• The foundation of the university took place 600 years ago.这所大学是600年前创办的。
• The Foundation gives money to help artists.那家基金会捐款帮助艺术家。

21 layman   

n.俗人，门外汉，凡人

参考例句：

• These technical terms are difficult for the layman to understand.这些专门术语是外行人难以理解的。
• He is a layman in politics.他对政治是个门外汉。