英语听力—环球英语 775 Chief Joseph: A Man of Peace

　　Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight¹. I'm Joshua Leo
Voice 2
And I'm Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 3
"I will fight no more forever."
Voice 1
In the United States in the late eighteen hundreds, many Native Americans were forced from their home lands. United States soldiers and government officials wanted to use the land for themselves. Some Native American tribes³ fought back. Others did not. Today's Spotlight is on one of these tribal⁴ leaders, Chief Joseph. He is still a hero to many people today.
Voice 2
Chief Joseph was born in 1840*. His first, tribal name was Hinmuuttu-yalatlat. In his language, that meant "Thunder rolling down the mountain". He was a member of the Nez Perce tribe². This tribe lived in the northwest United States, in what is now Oregon. The tribe lived on these lands for thousands of years.
Voice 1
Thunder rolling down the mountain's father later changed his name to Joseph. This was because he became a Christian⁵. And so many people called his son "Joseph the younger" instead of Thunder rolling down the mountain. Joseph's father supported the peace agreements between his tribe and the US government. He worked to keep the peace between his tribe and the white settlers around them. One of these agreeements gave the Nez Perce over 30,000 square kilometres of land - their homeland. But when the white settlers wanted the tribe's land for gold, things changed.
Voice 2
In 1863, the US government asked the Nez Perce tribe to give up most of their land. In return the government promised to give the tribe money, schools, and a hospital. Many tribe members did not want to give up so much of their land. But other tribe members wanted to take the offer. And this group signed the treaty⁶ agreement. The tribe divided. Chief Joseph's father was one of the leaders who did not want to sign this new treaty.
Voice 1
Some of the tribe moved to a new area, a long distance away. But Chief Joseph's father and the other non-treaty tribe members refused to move from their mountain valley. The chief said,
Voice 5
"Inside this area all our people were born. It circles the graves⁷, the burial places of our fathers. And we will never give up these graves to any man."
Voice 2
Chief Joseph's father died in 1871. It was now Joseph's responsibility to lead the tribe. His father told Joseph to never sell the land, to never give it up. Three years later Chief Joseph met with government officials to discuss his tribe's land. The government agreed to let the Nez Perce tribe stay in the valley. All white settlers were ordered to leave the land.
Voice 1
But it was only three years later that the government overturned⁸ this decision. The army threatened said that they would attack if the tribe did not move out of the valley.
Voice 2
Again, Chief Joseph tried talking with government officials. He said he believed that God would not give one kind of men the right to tell another kind of men what they must do. He did not believe that God gave the US officials the right to tell the Nez Perce people to leave their homeland. But Chief Joseph knew the tribe could not win against the army. So he agreed to the government's demands.
Voice 1
Chief Joseph and two other tribal leaders went with an army general to look for land the tribe could move to. The general offered the tribe an area where native people and white settlers lived. But Chief Joseph would not agree to this. He did not want to force other people from their land.
Voice 2
The government and tribe could not agree. The army general gave the tribe 30 days to leave. If they did not move, the army would declare war on the tribe.
Voice 1
Chief Joseph went back and spoke⁹ to his tribe. He said that he would rather leave the land of his fathers than go to war. He wanted peace. The tribe gathered up the things from their homes and prepared to leave.
Voice 2
But there were some members of the Nez Perce tribe that refused to leave the valley. They were very angry about what was happening. These young men went to a white settlement and killed four white men. Chief Joseph was very sad about this. And he knew that the Unites States Army would come after the tribe. So Chief Joseph decided¹⁰ to take the tribe north towards Canada.
Voice 1
2000 soldiers followed the Nez Perce tribe. For three months Chief Joseph led the tribe across thousands of miles. They escaped and battled the army many times. The military generals were amazed¹¹ that the tribe could escape so well. But after one period of fighting for five days in very cold weather, Chief Joseph surrendered¹². Days later he gave one of his most famous speeches. He said:
Voice 3
"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed...The old men are dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are, perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me my chiefs. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."
Voice 2
Chief Joseph just wanted to live life peacefully. He wanted his people to live their lives freely¹³. And he wanted others to be free to live theirs.
Voice 1
Chief Joseph and his tribe moved from their land. The government forced the tribe to live on a government reservation¹⁴ far from their home. Chief Joseph lived peacefully in this new land. But his tribe was divided. Many people had died. And they were not able to live in their homeland again. Late in his life Joseph spoke out against injustice¹⁵ in the United States. He dreamed that the United States' hope for equality and freedom would someday come true for all people. And still to this day, Chief Joseph's words and actions inspire people to continue the dream for freedom.
Voice 2
The writer and producer of this program was Joshua Leo. All quotes have been adapted and voiced by Spotlight. The voices you heard were from the United States. Computer users¹⁶ can hear our programs, read our scripts¹⁷, and see our word list on our website at http://www.radio.english.net. This program is called "Chief Joseph: A Man of Peace".
Voice 1
If you have a comment or question about this program, you can e-mail us. Our e-mail address is radio @ english . net. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!
*This sentence was corrected. It originally stated that Chief Joseph was born in 1904.

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 tribe   

n.部落，种族，一伙人

参考例句：

• This is a subject tribe.这是个受他人统治的部落。
• Many of the tribe's customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

3 tribes   

n.部落( tribe的名词复数 )；（动、植物的）族；（一）帮；大群

参考例句：

• tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
• In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes. 非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

5 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

6 treaty   

n.条约；协议，协定

参考例句：

• Hungary has indicated its readiness to sign the treaty.匈牙利已表示愿意签订该条约。
• I believe this treaty will pave the way to peace in Europe. 我相信这个条约将为欧洲的和平铺平道路。

7 graves   

n.（法国）格拉芙葡萄酒；坟墓( grave的名词复数 )；死亡；钝重音符；沉音符v.坟墓( grave的第三人称单数 )；死亡；钝重音符；沉音符

参考例句：

• He went to visit the graves of his forefathers. 他去拜谒他祖先的墓地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They were eating themselves into their graves. 他们吃喝过度，在自找死路。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 overturned   

adj. 倒转的 动词overturn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The car skidded and overturned. 汽车打滑翻倒了。
• When a bird's nest is overturned, no egg can remain intact. 覆巢之下无完卵。

9 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

11 amazed   

adj.吃惊的，惊奇的v.使大为吃惊，使惊奇( amaze的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Just the size of the place amazed her. 仅仅地方之大就使她十分惊奇。
• I was amazed at her knowledge of French literature. 她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。

12 surrendered   

n.电子放单；Telex releasedv.投降( surrender的过去式和过去分词 )；放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• The bandit chief surrendered himself to despair and took his own life. 匪首在绝望中自杀了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She gradually surrendered her dream of becoming an actress. 她渐渐放弃了当演员的梦想。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 freely   

adv.自由地，随便地，无拘无束地

参考例句：

• She was unable to keep back her tears,and wept freely.她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
• A liquid flows freely and has no fixed shape.液体能自由流动，无固定形态。

14 reservation   

n.保留条件，限制条件；预订座位

参考例句：

• The instruction should be carried out without any reservation.应当不折不扣地执行这个指示。
• I accept your statement without reservation.我完全相信你的话。

15 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

16 users   

用户，使用者( user的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The new software will prove a boon to Internet users. 这种新软件将会对互联网用户大有益处。
• Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users. 应该给轮椅使用者提供坡道。

17 scripts   

剧本( script的名词复数 )； 文字； 笔迹； （一种语言的）字母系统

参考例句：

• Many felt he was prostituting his talents by writing Hollywood scripts. 许多人觉得他给好莱坞写剧本是滥用自己的才华。
• The scripts had a rather tired plot. 这部陈旧的剧本的情节是非常俗套的。