万物简史 第17期:如何营造一个宇宙(9)

 　　The eventual¹ result was the inflation theory, which holds that a fraction of a moment after the dawn of creation, the universe underwent a sudden dramatic expansion. It inflated—in effect ran away with itself, doubling in size every 10-34seconds. The whole episode may have lasted no more than 10-30seconds—that's one million million million million millionths of a second—but it changed the universe from something you could hold in your hand to something at least 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times bigger. Inflation theory explains the ripples² and eddies³ that make our universe possible. Without it, there would be no clumps⁴ of matter and thus no stars, just drifting gas and everlasting⁵ darkness.

　　最后，他提出了膨胀理论。该理论认为，在爆炸后的刹那间，宇宙突然经历了戏剧性的扩大。它不停地膨胀--实际上是带着自身逃跑，每10^－34秒它的大小就翻一番。整个过程也许只持续了不到10^－30秒--也就是一百万亿亿亿分之一秒--但是，宇宙从手都拿得住的东西变成了至少10亿亿亿倍大的东西。膨胀理论解释了使我们的宇宙成为可能的脉动和旋转。要是没有这种脉动和旋转的话，就不会有物质团块，因此也就没有星星，而只有飘浮的气体和永恒的黑暗。

　　According to Guth's theory, at one ten-millionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, gravity emerged. After another ludicrously brief interval⁶ it was joined by electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces—the stuff of physics. These were joined an instant later by swarms⁷ of elementary particles—the stuff of stuff. From nothing at all, suddenly there were swarms of photons, protons, electrons, neutrons⁸, and much else—between 1079and 1089of each, according to the standard Big Bang theory.

　　根据古思的理论，在一千亿亿亿亿亿分之一秒之内产生了引力。又过了极其短暂的时刻，又产生了电磁以及强核力和弱核力--物理学的材料。之后，又很快出现了大批基本粒子--材料的材料。从无到有，突然有了大批光子、质子、电子、中子和许多别的东西--根据标准的大爆炸理论，每种达10^79-1089个之多。

　　Such quantities are of course ungraspable. It is enough to know that in a single cracking instant we were endowed with a universe that was vast—at least a hundred billion light-years across, according to the theory, but possibly any size up to infinite—and perfectly⁹ arrayed for the creation of stars, galaxies¹⁰, and other complex systems.

　　这么大的数量当然是难以理解的。我们只要知道，刹那间，我们有了一个巨大的宇宙，这就够了--根据该理论，这个宇宙是如此之大，直径至少有1000亿光年，但有可能是从任何大小直至无穷大--安排得非常完美，为恒星、星系和其他复杂体系的创建准备了条件。

 

1 eventual   

adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

参考例句：

• Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
• Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

2 ripples   

逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The moon danced on the ripples. 月亮在涟漪上舞动。
• The sea leaves ripples on the sand. 海水在沙滩上留下了波痕。

3 eddies   

（水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流( eddy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Viscosity overwhelms the smallest eddies and converts their energy into heat. 粘性制服了最小的旋涡而将其能量转换为热。
• But their work appears to merge in the study of large eddies. 但在大旋涡的研究上，他们的工作看来却殊途同归。

4 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 everlasting   

adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的

参考例句：

• These tyres are advertised as being everlasting.广告上说轮胎持久耐用。
• He believes in everlasting life after death.他相信死后有不朽的生命。

6 interval   

n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息

参考例句：

• The interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。
• There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。

7 swarms   

蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They came to town in swarms. 他们蜂拥来到城里。
• On June the first there were swarms of children playing in the park. 6月1日那一天，这个公园里有一群群的孩子玩耍。

8 neutrons   

n.中子( neutron的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom. 中子和质子构成了原子核。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When an atom of U235 is split,several neutrons are set free. 一个铀235原子分裂时，释放出几个中子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

10 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。