万物简史 第19期:如何营造一个宇宙(11)

 　　Martin Rees, Britain's astronomer¹ royal, believes that there are many universes, possibly an infinite number, each with different attributes, in different combinations, and that we simply live in one that combines things in the way that allows us to exist. He makes an analogy with a very large clothing store: "If there is a large stock of clothing, you're not surprised to find a suit that fits. If there are many universes, each governed by a differing set of numbers, there will be one where there is a particular set of numbers suitable to life. We are in that one.

　　英国皇家天文学家马丁·里斯认为，有许多个宇宙，很可能是无数个，每个都有不同的特性，不同的组合，我们只是生活在一个其组合的方式恰好适于我们存在的宇宙里。他以一家大服装店作为例子来进行类比："要是服装品种很多，你就不难挑到一件合身的衣服。要是有许多宇宙，而每个宇宙都由一套不同的数据控制，那么就会有一个宇宙，它的一套特定的数据适合于生命。我们恰好在这样的一个宇宙里。"Rees maintains that six numbers in particular govern our universe, and that if any of these values were changed even very slightly things could not be as they are. For example, for the universe to exist as it does requires that hydrogen be converted to helium in a precise but comparatively stately manner—specifically, in a way that converts seven one-thousandths of its mass to energy.

　　里斯认为，我们的宇宙受到6个数据的支配，要是哪个值发生哪怕是非常细微的变化，事物就不可能是现在的这个模样。比如，现在的宇宙若要存在，就要求氢以准确而较为稳定的方式--说得具体一点，要以将千分之七的质量转化为能量的方式--转化为氦。

　　Lower that value very slightly—from 0.007 percent to 0.006 percent, say—and no transformation² could take place: the universe would consist of hydrogen and nothing else. Raise the value very slightly—to 0.008 percent—and bonding would be so wildly prolific³ that the hydrogen would long since have been exhausted⁴. In either case, with the slightest tweaking of the numbers the universe as we know and need it would not be here.

　　要是那个值稍稍低一点--比如从千分之七降至千分之六--那么就不可能发生转化：宇宙只会由氢组成。要是那个值稍稍高一点--高到千分之八--结合就会不间断地发生，氢早已消耗殆尽。无论是哪种情况，只要这个数据稍有变动，我们所知的而又需要的宇宙就不会存在。

 

1 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

2 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

3 prolific   

adj.丰富的，大量的；多产的，富有创造力的

参考例句：

• She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多产的作家，写了很多小说和短篇故事。
• The last few pages of the document are prolific of mistakes.这个文件的最后几页错误很多。

4 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。