万物简史 第24期:走进太阳系(2)

 　　This was actually something of a blow to Pluto¹'s status as a planet, which had never been terribly robust² anyway. Since previously³ the space occupied by the moon and the space occupied by Pluto were thought to be one and the same, it meant that Pluto was much smaller than anyone had supposed—smaller even than Mercury. Indeed, seven moons in the solar system, including our own, are larger.

　　这对冥王星的行星地位实际上是个打击，而这个地位又从来没有牢固过。原先认为，那颗卫星占有的和冥王星占有的是同一个空间。这意味着，冥王星比任何人想像的要小得多--比水星还要小。实际上，太阳系里的七颗卫星，包括我们地球的卫星，都要比冥王星的卫星大。

　　Now a natural question is why it took so long for anyone to find a moon in our own solar system. The answer is that it is partly a matter of where astronomers⁵ point their instruments and partly a matter of what their instruments are designed to detect, and partly it's just Pluto. Mostly it's where they point their instruments. In the words of the astronomer⁴ Clark Chapman: "Most people think that astronomers get out at night in observatories⁶ and scan the skies. That's not true. Almost all the telescopes we have in the world are designed to peer at very tiny little pieces of the sky way off in the distance to see a quasar or hunt for black holes or look at a distant galaxy⁷. The only real network of telescopes that scans the skies has been designed and built by the military."此刻，你自然会问，为什么发现我们自己太阳系里的一颗卫星要花那么长的时间。回答是：这跟天文学家把仪器对准什么地方、他们的仪器旨在探测什么东西有关系，也跟冥王星本身有关系。最重要的是他们把仪器对准什么地方。用天文学家克拉克·查普曼的话来说："大多数人认为，天文学家在夜间去天文台扫视天空。这是不真实的。世界上差不多所有的望远镜都旨在观察遥远天空中的极小东西，观察一颗类星体，或寻找黑洞，或观察一个遥远的星系。惟一真正用来扫视天空的望远镜网络是由军方设计和制造的。"We have been spoiled by artists' renderings⁸ into imagining a clarity of resolution that doesn't exist in actual astronomy. Pluto in Christy's photograph is faint and fuzzy—a piece of cosmic lint—and its moon is not the romantically backlit, crisply delineated companion orb⁹ you would get in a National Geographic¹⁰ painting, but rather just a tiny and extremely indistinct hint of additional fuzziness. Such was the fuzziness, in fact, that it took seven years for anyone to spot the moon again and thus independently confirm its existence.

　　我们受了艺术家艺术表达的不良影响，以为图像的清晰度很高，这在天文学里其实是不存在的。在克里斯蒂的照片上，冥王星暗淡无光，非常模糊--只是一片宇宙绒花--它的卫星并不像你会在美国《国家地理杂志》上看到的那种球体：背景很亮，非常浪漫，线条清晰，陪伴着冥王星；而只是小小的、极其模糊的一团。事实上，正是由于这种模糊，人们过了7年时间才再次见到那颗卫星，从而确认它的独立存在。

 

1 Pluto   

n.冥王星

参考例句：

• Pluto is the furthest planet from the sun.冥王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Pluto has an elliptic orbit.冥王星的轨道是椭圆形的。

2 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

3 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

4 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

5 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 observatories   

n.天文台，气象台( observatory的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• John Heilbron, The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories, 3-23. 约翰．海耳布隆，《教会里的太阳：教堂即太阳观测台》，第3-23页。 来自互联网
• Meteorologists use satellites, land observatories and historical data to provide information about the weather. 气象学家使用卫星、上天文台和历史资料来提供有关天气的信息。 来自互联网

7 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

8 renderings   

n.（戏剧或乐曲的）演奏( rendering的名词复数 )；扮演；表演；翻译作品

参考例句：

• Research about the usability of architectural renderings supports this notion. 关于建筑渲染的可用性研究支持上面提到的这种观点。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Note: Attached Bugatti renderings are for illustrative purposes only. 注：附加布加迪渲染是仅用于说明的目的。 来自互联网

9 orb   

n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形

参考例句：

• The blue heaven,holding its one golden orb,poured down a crystal wash of warm light.蓝蓝的天空托着金色的太阳，洒下一片水晶般明亮温暖的光辉。
• It is an emanation from the distant orb of immortal light.它是从远处那个发出不灭之光的天体上放射出来的。

10 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法