万物简史 第81期:敲石头的人们(3)

 Among the questions that attracted interest in that fanatically inquisitive¹ age was one that had puzzled people for a very long time—namely, why ancient clamshells and other marine² fossils were so often found on mountaintops. How on earth did they get there?

在那个爱好钻研的时代，在许多令人感兴趣的问题当中，有个问题长期以来困扰着人们--即山顶上为什么经常发现古代的蛤蜊壳和别的海生物化石。它们到底是怎么到那里的？

Those who thought they had a solution fell into two opposing camps. One group, known as the Neptunists, was convinced that everything on Earth, including seashells in improbably lofty places, could be explained by rising and falling sea levels. They believed that mountains, hills, and other features were as old as the Earth itself, and were changed only when water sloshed over them during periods of global flooding.

许多人认为自己已经找到答案。他们分为两个对立的阵营。水成论者认为，地球上的一切，包括在高处的海洋贝壳，可以用海平面的升高和降低来解释。他们认为，山脉、丘陵和其他地貌与地球本身一样古老，只是在全球洪水时期被水冲刷的过程中发生了一些变化。

Opposing them were the Plutonists, who noted³ that volcanoes and earthquakes, among other enlivening agents, continually changed the face of the planet but clearly owed nothing to wayward seas. The Plutonists also raised awkward questions about where all the water went when it wasn't in flood. If there was enough of it at times to cover the Alps, then where, pray, was it during times of tranquility, such as now? Their belief was that the Earth was subject to profound internal forces as well as surface ones. However, they couldn't convincingly explain how all those clamshells got up there.

对立面是火成论者。他们认为有许多充满活力的动因，其中，火山和地震不断改变这颗行星的表面，但显然跟遥远的大海毫无关系。火成论者还提出难以回答的问题：不发洪水的时候，这水都流到哪里去了？要是有时候存在足以淹没阿尔卑斯山的水，那么请问，在平静下来以后，比如现在，这水都流到哪里去了？他们认为，地球受到内部深处的力和表面的力的作用。然而，他们无法令人信服地解释，蛤蜊的壳是怎么跑到山顶上去的。

 

1 inquisitive   

adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的

参考例句：

• Children are usually inquisitive.小孩通常很好问。
• A pat answer is not going to satisfy an inquisitive audience.陈腔烂调的答案不能满足好奇的听众。

2 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。