万物简史 第208期:威力巨大的原子(22)

 　　Remarkably¹, the phenomenon was proved in 1997 when physicists² at the University of Geneva sent photons seven miles in opposite directions and demonstrated that interfering³ with one provoked an instantaneous response in the other.

　　令人惊叹的是，这个现象在1997年得到了证实，瑞士日内瓦大学的物理学家把两个光子朝相反方向发送到相隔11公里的位置，结果表明，只要干扰其中一个，另一个马上作出反应。

　　元素

　　Things reached such a pitch that at one conference Bohr remarked of a new theory that the question was not whether it was crazy, but whether it was crazy enough. To illustrate⁴ the nonintuitive nature of the quantum world, Schrodinger offered a famous thought experiment in which a hypothetical cat was placed in a box with one atom of a radioactive substance attached to a vial of hydrocyanic acid. If the particle degraded within an hour, it would trigger a mechanism⁵ that would break the vial and poison the cat. If not, the cat would live. But we could not know which was the case, so there was no choice, scientifically, but to regard the cat as 100 percent alive and 100 percent dead at the same time. This means, as Stephen Hawking⁶ has observed with a touch of understandable excitement, that one cannot “predict future events exactly if one cannot even measure the present state of the universe precisely⁷!”

　　事情达到了这样的一种程度：有一次会议上，玻尔在谈到一种新的理论时说，问题不是它是否荒唐，而是它是否足够荒唐。为了说明量子世界那无法直觉的性质，薛定谔提出了一个著名的思想实验：假设把猫儿放进一只箱子，同时放进一个放射性物质的原子，连着一小瓶氢氰酸。要是粒子在一个小时内发生衰变，它就会启动一种机制，把瓶子击破，使猫儿中毒。要不然，猫儿便会活着。但是，我们无法知道会是哪种情况，因此从科学的角度来看无法作出抉择，只能同时认为猫儿百分之百地活着、百分之百地死了。正如斯蒂芬·霍金有点儿激动地（这可以理解）说，这意味着，你无法“确切预知未来的事情，要是你连宇宙的现状都无法确切测定的话”。

　　Because of its oddities, many physicists disliked quantum theory, or at least certain aspects of it, and none more so than Einstein. This was more than a little ironic⁸ since it was he, in his annus mirabilis of 1905, who had so persuasively⁹ explained how photons of light could sometimes behave like particles and sometimes like waves—the notion at the very heart of the new physics.

　　由于存在这么多古怪的特点，许多物理学家不喜欢量子理论，至少不喜欢这个理论的某些方面，尤其是爱因斯坦。这是很有讽刺意味的，因为正是他在1905年这个奇迹年中很有说服力地解释说，光子有时候可以表现得像粒子，有时候表现得像波──这是新物理学的核心见解。

1 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

2 physicists   

物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
• Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

3 interfering   

adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词

参考例句：

• He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！
• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

4 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

5 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

6 hawking   

利用鹰行猎

参考例句：

• He is hawking his goods everywhere. 他在到处兜售他的货物。
• We obtain the event horizon and the Hawking spectrumformula. 得到了黑洞的局部事件视界位置和Hawking温度以及Klein—Gordon粒子的Hawking辐射谱。

7 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

8 ironic   

adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的

参考例句：

• That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
• People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。

9 persuasively   

adv.口才好地；令人信服地

参考例句：

• Students find that all historians argue reasonably and persuasively. 学生们发现所有的历史学家都争论得有条有理，并且很有说服力。 来自辞典例句
• He spoke a very persuasively but I smelled a rat and refused his offer. 他说得头头是道，但我觉得有些可疑，于是拒绝了他的建议。 来自辞典例句