万物简史 第545期:令人惊叹的细胞(9)
The cell has been compared to many things, from a complex chemical refinery (by the physicist James Trefil) 细胞被许多人比喻成许多事物，从一个复杂的化学精炼厂（物理学家詹姆斯特菲尔） to a vast, teeming metropolis
万物简史 第546期:令人惊叹的细胞(10)
The membrane is not, as most of us imagine it, a durable, rubbery casing, something that you would need a sharp pin to prick. 细胞膜并不是我们大多数人想象的那样是一层你用别针能刺穿的耐久胶状物， Rather, it is made up
万物简史 第547期:令人惊叹的细胞(11)
Enzymes, themselves a type of protein, dash everywhere, performing up to a thousand tasks a second. 酶本身也是一种蛋白质。它们到处横冲直撞，每秒钟要完成1000件任务， Like greatly speeded up worker ants, they busily build
万物简史 第548期:令人惊叹的细胞(12)
This means, says Nuland, that even if we count only those molecules present in amounts of more than 50,000 each, 这意味着，纽兰说，即使我们只统计那些每一种的数量在5万以上的分子， the total is still a very minimum of 10
万物简史 第549期:令人惊叹的细胞(13)
ATP molecules are essentially little battery packs that move through the cell providing energy for all the cell's processes, and you get through a lot of it. ATP分子实质上就像一组小小的电池，它们在细胞内移动，为细胞活动提供
万物简史 第550期:令人惊叹的细胞(14)
On average, humans suffer one fatal malignancy for each 100 million billion cell divisions. 平均来说，每10亿亿次细胞分裂中，人会得一次致命的疾病。 Cancer is bad luck in every possible sense of the term. 癌症无论从任何意
万物简史 第551期:令人惊叹的细胞(15)
In ways that we have barely begun to understand, trillions upon trillions of reflexive chemical reactions add up to a mobile, thinking, decision-making you, 几万亿几万亿个反射性的化学反应，以我们才刚刚开始知道的方式，加起
万物简史 第552期:达尔文的非凡见解(1)
25 Darwin's Singular Notion 第二十五章 达尔文的非凡见解 In the late summer or early autumn of 1859, 1859年夏秋之交， Whitwell Elwin, editor of the respected British journal the Quarterly Review, was sent an advance copy of a new bo
万物简史 第553期:达尔文的非凡见解(2)
Darwin enjoyed every advantage of upbringing, but continually pained his widowed father with his lackluster academic performance. 达尔文从小生活条件优越，可是学习成绩平平，这使得他丧偶的父亲痛苦不已。 You care for n
万物简史 第554期:达尔文的非凡见解(3)
FitzRoy's formal assignment was to chart coastal waters, but his hobby passion really, 菲茨罗伊的主要任务是绘制沿海水域图，可是他的爱好实际上是极度的热情， was to seek out evidence for a literal, biblical interpretat
万物简史 第555期:达尔文的非凡见解(4)
In every other respect, however, the Beagle voyage was a triumph. 不过，在其他所有方面，贝格尔号航行是一次成功之旅。 Darwin experienced adventure enough to last a lifetime and accumulated a hoard of specimens sufficient to ma
万物简史 第556期:达尔文的非凡见解(5)
It wasn't until the younger Darwin was back in England and read Thomas Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population 直到年轻的达尔文回到英格兰并读到托马斯马尔萨斯的《人口论》 (which proposed that increases in food suppl
万物简史 第557期:达尔文的非凡见解(6)
The story as conventionally told (or at least as frequently remembered by many of us) is that Darwin, 通常的说法是（至少在我们许多人的记忆里通常是这样的）， while traveling from island to island, noticed that the finches' b
万物简史 第558期:达尔文的非凡见解(7)
And then he did an extraordinary thing: he put his notes away and for the next decade and a half busied himself with other matters. 接着，他做出了一件惊人之举：他将他的笔记扔到一边，用了15年的时间忙于别的事情。 H
万物简史 第559期:达尔文的非凡见解(8)
Darwin kept his theory to himself because he well knew the storm it would cause. 达尔文没有把他的理论公之于世，殴为他太清楚这将会对社会产生怎样的震撼了。 In 1844, the year he locked his notes away, a book called Ve
