走进哈佛大学 第29期:父子总统

 Harvard University has been regarded as the cradle of the US Presidents. So far, eight Presidents of the United States have graduated from Harvard University: John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt，Franklin Delano Roosevelt, John F, Kennedy, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. Bush graduated from Harvard Business School, Hayes and Obama from Harvard Law School, and the others from Harvard College,

哈佛大学一直被认为是美国总统的摇篮。目前为止，有八位美国总统是从哈佛大 学毕业的：约翰·亚当斯、约翰·昆西·亚当斯、拉塞福德·海斯、西奥多·罗斯福、富兰 克林·德拉诺·罗斯福、约翰·肯尼迪、乔治·布什和巴拉克·奥巴马。其中布什毕业于 哈佛商学院，海斯和奥巴马毕业于哈佛法学院，其他人都是从哈佛学院毕业的。

Among the eight presidents, there are two presidents who are father and son. John Adams is John Quincy Adams’ father. This father and son is unique in the U.S. history, as it were. It，s unusual for a father and son to become President of the United States. By now, it has happened only twice: first with the Adamses, and more recently, with the Bushes. The Bushes，however, did not graduate from the same college, which makes the Adamses a unique father and son.

在这八位总统里，有两位是一对父子。约翰亚当斯是约翰昆西亚当斯的父亲。 这对父子在美国历史可以说是独一无二的。父子都当上美国总统是很少见的，到现在， 这种事情只发生过两次：第一次发生在亚当斯父子身上，最近一次发生在布什父子身 上。但布什父子不是从同一所大学毕业的，这让亚当斯父子更显得独特了。

John Adams(1735-1826) was the second President of the United States (1797-1801). He entered Harvard College in 1751 at age 16，and graduated from Harvard with a A.B. degree in 1755. Later, as a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental¹ Congress, Adams signed the Declaration of Independence，and played a leading role in persuading Congress to adopt the Declaration of Independence. He, therefore, is regarded as one of the most influential² Founding Fathers of the United States. Ironically, Adams died on July 4，1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption³ of the Declaration of Independence.

约翰亚当斯（1735-1826)是美国第二任总统（1797- 1801).1751年他16 岁的时候上了哈佛学院，1755年毕业并获得文学学士学位。后来，他代表马萨诸塞 州参加大陆会议，签署了《独立宣言》，并带头说服国会接受《独立宣言》。因此他被 认为是美国最有影响力的建国之父之一。讽刺的是，亚当 斯死于1826年7月4日，那天刚好是《独立宣言》诞生50 周年纪念日。

John Adams’ son John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) was the sixth President of the United States (1825·1829). He helped formulate⁴ the famous Monroe Doctrine⁵, and is regarded as one of the greatest diplomats⁶ in American history. John Quincy Adams was educated principally by his parents during his adolescence⁷ and later at private schools in Paris while accompanying his father on diplomatic missions in Europe. He furthered his formal education at Harvard College on his return to the United States in 1785 graduating in 1787.

约翰亚当斯的儿子约翰昆西亚当斯（1767-1848)是美国第六任总统（1825-1829)。他帮助制定了著名的 门罗主义，被认为是美国历史上最伟大的外交家之一。约 翰昆西亚当斯青少年时期主要受父母教育，后来在随父 亲去欧洲执行外交任务时，在巴黎的私人学校读书。1785 年回国后进了哈佛学院接受正规教育，并于1787年毕业。

While he served in Senate, Adams took the lecture in University Hall to begin his part time job as Harvard’s first Boylston Professor of rhetoric⁸ and oratory⁹. Commuting¹⁰ between Cambridge and the new capital city, he linked the republic and the academy. He taught for two years from 1806 ·1808，and published his lectures. This brief professorship was the most congenial of his many positions.

亚当斯在当参议员期间，还成为哈佛学院的第一个讲修辞和演讲术的博伊尔斯顿 教授，在哈佛学院的大学堂里兼职授课。穿梭于坎布里奇和新首都之间的亚当斯把大 众和学术联系到了一起。从1806年到1808年，他在哈佛教了两年书，并出版了讲座 内容。这段短暂的教授生涯是他众多职位中最让他感到惬意的。

1 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

2 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

3 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

4 formulate   

v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述

参考例句：

• He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。
• I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。

5 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

6 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 adolescence   

n.青春期，青少年

参考例句：

• Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
• The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence.这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。

8 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

9 oratory   

n.演讲术；词藻华丽的言辞

参考例句：

• I admire the oratory of some politicians.我佩服某些政治家的辩才。
• He dazzled the crowd with his oratory.他的雄辩口才使听众赞叹不已。

10 commuting   

交换（的）

参考例句：

• I used the commuting time to read and answer my mail. 我利用上下班在汽车中的时间来阅读和答复给我的函电。
• Noncommuting objects are as real to the mathematicians as commuting objects. 对于数学家来说，不可交换的对象与可交换的对象是一样真实的。