商业周刊:2050万美国人失业预示着更多的痛苦即将来临(3)

Earnings¹, Unemployment

收入、失业

A clearer measure of job realities on the ground -- the so-called underemployment rate,

对当地工作的实际情况进行更为明确地衡量，所谓的就业不足率，

which includes discouraged workers and those working part-time who want full hours -- rose to nearly 23%,

包括灰心丧气的工人和那些想做全职工作的兼职人员比率上升到近23%，

implying nearly a quarter of Americans experienced a job hit.

这意味着近23%的美国人遭受到工作的打击。

One particular group of lower-paid workers -- leisure and hospitality employees,

其中一个低收入群体是休闲和酒店业雇员，

such as those in restaurants and hotels -- declined by 7.65 million, almost half of total employment in the sector².

如餐厅和酒店的员工，其数量减少了765万人，几乎占该行业总就业人数的一半。

The Labor³ Department said the unadjusted unemployment rate in April would have been almost 5 percentage points higher

美国劳工部表示，如果失业工人员工对自己进行适当分类，而不是降低他们就业但缺勤的比例，

if unemployed⁴ workers had properly classified themselves, rather than marking down that they were employed but absent from work.

4月份未经调整的失业率将高出近5个百分点。

Furloughed workers accounted for about 4 out of every 5 unemployed Americans.

每5个失业的美国人中，就有4个是遭遇解雇的工人。

The data showed average hourly earnings rose a massive 4.7% from the prior month and 7.9% from a year earlier

数据显示，平均每小时收入较上月大幅增长4.7%，较上年同期增长7.9%，

-- more than double March's pace -- but those figures were skewed higher by the disproportionate loss of low-wage workers from payrolls⁵,

增幅超过3月份的两倍，但这些数据因低工资员工不成比例地从工资表上流失而偏高，

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rather than any wage pressures boosting employee pay.

而非任何提高员工工资的工资压力。

The labor-force participation⁶ rate fell to 60.2% -- the lowest since 1973 -- from 62.7%.

劳动力参与率从62.7%降至60.2%，为1973年以来的最低水平。

Among prime-age men, those ages 25 to 54, it dropped to a record-low 86.4%.

在25岁至54岁的壮年男性中，这一比例降至86.4%，为创纪录的最低水平。

Almost every industry was hit hard. Manufacturers cut 1.33 million positions and retailers⁷ 2.1 million.

几乎所有行业都受到了沉重打击。制造商裁员133万，零售商裁员210万，

Even health-care jobs fell by 1.44 million as non-Covid visits and elective procedures dried up or offices closed.

即使是医疗保健工作岗位也减少了144万，原因是非新冠肺炎探访和选择性程序枯竭或办公室关闭。

Trump⁸ -- who's polling behind the presumptive Democratic nominee⁹, former Vice¹⁰ President Joe Biden

特朗普支持民主党候选人、前副总统拜登的民调，

-- said Friday that the massive U.S. job losses from the coronavirus outbreak aren't a surprise and that he shouldn't be blamed for it.

他于周五表示，新冠疫情爆发导致大量美国人失业，这并不令人感到意外，不应该责怪他。

While the pandemic has crushed economies around the world, job losses hurt more in the U.S. than in most other developed nations.

虽然这场流行病已经摧毁了世界各地的经济，但在美国，失业造成的伤害比大多数其他发达国家都更严重。

That's because about 160 million Americans get health insurance through employers and without jobs,

这是因为约1.6亿美国人通过雇主获得医疗保险，而没有工作，

they could face steep monthly premiums¹¹ or lose coverage¹² entirely¹³ -- which may exacerbate¹⁴ the economic and health impact of Covid-19.

他们可能面临每月的高额保费或完全失去保险，这可能会加剧疫情对经济和健康的影响。

1 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

2 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

3 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

4 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

5 payrolls   

n.（公司员工的）工资名单( payroll的名词复数 )；（公司的）工资总支出，工薪总额

参考例句：

• Indices of employment, payrolls, and production steadied in February 1931931年2月，就业、工资额和生产指数稳定。 来自辞典例句
• Wall Street responded to the payrolls figures with gusto. 华尔街对就业数据作出了积极的反应。 来自互联网

6 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

7 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

10 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

11 premiums   

n.费用( premium的名词复数 )；保险费；额外费用；（商品定价、贷款利息等以外的）加价

参考例句：

• He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. 现正在酝酿提高汽车的保险费。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

13 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

14 exacerbate   

v.恶化，增剧，激怒，使加剧

参考例句：

• WMO says a warming climate can exacerbate air pollution.世界气象组织说，气候变暖可能会加剧空气污染。
• In fact efforts will merely exacerbate the current problem.实际上努力只会加剧当前的问题。