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从枪击案看白人至上种族主义走向

American Sikhs have been mourning the victims of the mass shooting at a Sikh temple in Wisconsin - and are trying to comprehend an act that seems senseless. The shooter's motives¹ are unclear, but one organization that monitors hate groups points to the Internet as a breeding ground for racial hatred².

美国威斯康辛州一所锡克寺庙8月份发生的一起枪击案再次引起美国对仇恨犯罪的重视。一个研究机构指出，因特网是蕴育种族仇视的温床。

In the Los Angeles suburb of Walnut³, Sikhs and other community members gathered for a vigil to remember the victims of the Wisconsin shooting.

在加州洛杉矶郊外，锡克教徒和其他民众在烛光中哀悼威斯康辛州的遇难锡克教徒。

Some also tried to understand what motivated the accused shooter, Wade⁴ Michael Page.

人们试图了解被控杀人枪手佩吉的为人和他的动机。

California temple member Nachhatar Singh Bhullar calls the act senseless.

锡克教徒布拉尔说，这个枪击案不可理喻。

"It could happen anywhere. Somebody can come anywhere and do those things," he said.

But researchers into hate groups say Page had ties to music groups with a white supremacist message and they speculate that his hatred sparked the rampage.

不过研究人员说，被控杀人枪手佩吉和一些传播白人至上主义的乐团有联系，他们猜测，佩吉的疯狂行为出于种族仇恨。

Tim Zaal, 48, recognizes the message. He came to the Sikh temple to offer condolences, but says he once viewed all dark-skinned people with hatred. He spent a year in jail for attacking an Iranian couple and has been involved in other hate crimes. In the 1980s, he was a skinhead and organizer for the neo-Nazi group White Aryan Resistance.

萨尔心怀愧疚，他来到庙里表达慰问。他说，他曾经仇视所有深色皮肤的人。1980年代，他甚至发起过一个新纳粹团体，叫作“白色雅利安人抵抗组织”。

"The white racialist movement was moving into a different direction. Rather than have all these great big organizations, they started to operate in these little cells," he said.

萨尔说：“白人种族主义运动的方向发生了改变，以前是大型组织，现在他们开始转向小团体活动。”

And they started organizing online.

而且他们还在网上活动。

Rick Eaton is a researcher on hate groups with the Simon Wiesenthal Center, which monitors social sites such as Twitter and Facebook, and distributes an online research app - or application - to law enforcement agencies.

西蒙.维森塔尔中心的研究员伊顿专门研究仇恨组织，他所在的机构一直在监察推特和脸书等社交媒体，并在网上提供向执法机构检举的表格。

He says a world of hatred, little seen by most Americans, thrives on racist⁵ music, epithets⁶ and symbols.

不愿意出镜的伊顿说，仇恨利用音乐、代号和符号大肆传播。

"The name of the song is Keep Fighting, and it says their job is to keep fighting and if you don't, I'll kill you myself," he said.

他说：“这首歌的名字叫作‘继续战斗’，歌词说，他们的任务就是继续战斗，如果你不战斗，我就亲手杀死你。”

Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, says through music and diatribes⁷, the online sites spread ideas, attract revenue and recruits, and strengthen their commitment to a set of beliefs.

库帕尔拉比也是西蒙·维森塔尔中心的研究员，他说，仇恨网站在网上传播思想，吸收成员。

“It's empowerment, it's validation," he said.

He says, for people on the fringe, the sites create the illusion of a mass movement.

他说，这些网站就是要赋予人们仇恨的力量并肯定仇恨，给人一种大规模行动的错觉。

There are limits to what law enforcement can do in the absence of a crime, no matter how offensive the hate speech, says Teresa Carlson of the Federal Bureau of Investigation⁸.

但是，美国联邦调查局的特莉萨. 卡尔森说，执法的力度很有限：

“Until somebody actually threatens, there’s a threat of force or violence, we can not open an investigation," she said.

“只要没有人作出实际威胁，作出暴力威胁，我们就不能进行调查。”

Rabbi Cooper says companies that dominate the Internet need to do more.

库帕尔拉比说，因特网公司需要采取更多行动：

"The social networking on the Internet could and should be doing a lot more to marginalize the message, messages and messengers of hatred and intolerance and terrorism," he said.

“社交网站应该采取更多行动，给那些仇恨、不宽容和恐怖言论设定界限。”

Meanwhile, the Sikhs of California are trying to understand how a quiet house of worship could become the scene of such a tragedy.

与此同时，加利福尼亚州的锡克教徒难以理解，一个朝圣的庙堂怎么会变成犯罪现场。