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巴基斯坦沙特伊朗三方核关系微妙

Iran’s foreign minister is due to arrive in Pakistan Wednesday to discuss the conflict in Yemen, which many see as a fight for influence between regional rivals Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iran also has recently reached a framework nuclear agreement with six world powers. Saudi Arabia, in the past, reportedly has sought to form its own nuclear alliances to counter a perceived Iranian threat.

伊朗外长预计将于周三抵达巴基斯坦，并就也门冲突问题展开讨论。许多人将这场冲突视为是区域竞争对手伊朗和沙特阿拉伯之间在角逐影响力。最近，伊朗与世界主要大国签订了核项目框架协议。沙特过去曾被传闻要形成自己的核联盟，以应对来自伊朗的威胁。自身拥有核项目的巴基斯坦与伊朗和沙特两国有着微妙的关系。

As Iran gets ready to possibly curb¹ the weapons potential of its nuclear program, its regional rival Saudi Arabia watches closely. Over the years, one of the ways the Saudis tried to neutralize² a potential Iranian threat was reportedly by looking toward their strategic ally Pakistan.

随着伊朗已为遏制核武器制造能力做好准备，它的区域竞争对手沙特阿拉伯正在密切关注。多年以来，沙特通过加强与战略盟友巴基斯坦的联系抵御来自伊朗的潜在威胁。

The South Asian country is in an unusual position.

南亚国家巴基斯坦所处的位置十分微妙。

On one hand, it has sold nuclear secrets to Iran through a network run by former chief Pakistani nuclear scientist A.Q. Khan. But this was in the past, said nuclear physicist³ Abdul Hameed Nayyer.

一方面，巴基斯坦曾通过前首席核科学家阿卜杜勒·卡迪尔·汗的网络，把核机密出售给伊朗。但核物理专家阿卜杜勒·哈米德·纳耶尔说，这些已经成为过去式。

“The A.Q. Khan trade link also included Iran. And Iran’s centrifuge program has benefited from Pakistani designs," said Nayyer.

他说：“阿卜杜勒·卡迪尔的贸易链条那时也包括伊朗。伊朗的离心机项目就受益于巴基斯坦的设计。”

On the other hand, Pakistan is said to have promised a nuclear umbrella to Iran’s rival, Saudi Arabia.

另一方面，据说巴基斯坦曾承诺向伊朗的对手沙特提供核保护伞。

While this allegation was never proven, it may have stemmed from the history of Pakistan’s nuclear program.

这种说法可能自巴基斯坦核项目开始以来不胫而走，但从未经过证实。

“We know that Pakistan’s nuclear program was heavily subsidized by outsiders, financed by outsiders, and we know that one of the deals was actually discovered later on," said Nayyer.

阿卜杜勒·哈米德·纳耶尔说：“我们知道巴基斯坦的核项目得到了外部势力的大量资助，我们也知道，这其中的一笔交易后来真的被发现了。”

That was the deal with Libya, which later abandoned its nuclear program and turned over its equipment to the United States.

他所指的是巴基斯坦与利比亚的交易。利比亚后来放弃了核项目，并向美国交出设备。

“If Saudi Arabia also financed Pakistan’s nuclear program, it is possible that Saudi Arabia would also demand such a thing from Pakistan," said Nayyer.

他说：“如果沙特阿拉伯资助了巴基斯坦的核项目，很可能沙特政府也会向巴基斯坦索取某件东西。”

While there is no concrete evidence of Saudi financing of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, critics point to ancillary⁴ support.

虽然没有确凿证据证明沙特资助了巴基斯坦的核武器项目，但批评者指出了旁证。

After Pakistan tested its nuclear device and was slapped with international sanctions,

巴基斯坦在核试验之后受到了国际制裁。

Saudi Arabia provided it with oil on deferred⁵ payments for three years and later forgave some of the payments.

随后，沙特以推迟三年付款的方式向巴基斯坦提供原油，稍后又豁免了一部分欠款。

Saudi Crown Prince Sultan bin⁶ Abdul Aziz was given a tour of Pakistani nuclear facilities in 1999, soon after Pakistan’s nuclear test. Pakistan claims he was not shown the weapons program.

沙特王储苏尔坦·本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹于1999年在巴基斯坦核试验进行后不久参观了巴基斯坦的核设施。巴基斯坦方面称，王储并没有参观到与核武器相关的项目。

Awais Laghari heads the foreign affairs committee in Pakistan’s national assembly. He said despite the excellent relationship with Saudi Arabia, Pakistan will not share its nuclear weapons or know-how⁷.

阿维斯·拉哈尔是巴基斯坦国民议会外事委员会主席。他说，尽管与沙特有着良好的合作关系，但巴基斯坦将不会分享其核武器技术。

“Pakistan can’t afford to do that. We’re not irresponsible enough to do that. Pakistan’s own nuclear program would be at stake and I’m sure no country can ever convince us of trying to put our own program at stake at all, and we don’t believe in such irresponsible actions in the future at all," said Laghari.

阿维斯·拉哈尔说：“巴基斯坦无法承担这么做的代价。我们还没有不负责任到作出这样的行为。如果这样做，巴基斯坦自己的核计划将受到威胁。我敢肯定，没有任何一个国家能说服我们，让我们自己的核计划受到威胁。我们在未来也不会做出这样不负责任的行为。”

Nayyer hopes Laghari is right. He acknowledges that Pakistan’s nuclear support to Iran stopped after the A.Q. Khan network was discovered.

纳耶尔博士希望拉哈尔的说法正确。他承认在阿卜杜勒·卡迪尔·汗的交易链条被发现之后，巴基斯坦对伊朗的核支持已经停止。

And he thinks the changed international environment may have convinced Pakistan that the cost of nuclear proliferation now is too high.

他认为，风云变幻的国际环境或许已经警示巴基斯坦，核扩散的成本实在太高。