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专家建议应接纳难民进入欧洲

The Balkan countries are a transit¹ route for thousands of refugees, mostly Syrians, who are fleeing violence and trying to find a better life in the economically advanced countries of the European Union.

位于巴尔干半岛的国家是成千上万难民进入欧洲的中转途径。这些难民大多是叙利亚人，他们逃离暴力并试图在经济发达的欧盟国家寻找更好的生活。

Experts say there is still no solution for the refugee crisis because the European Union has yet to adopt a comprehensive strategy to deal with the influx² of hundreds of thousands of refugees.

专家表示，目前还没有应对难民危机的解决办法，因为欧盟还没有拿出一项全面的策略以应对数十万难民的涌入。

Along the Macedonian-Serbian border, tens of thousands of migrants of all ages have arrived, many are ill or injured. Their immediate³ needs are clear: shelter, food, medical care. Most are Syria.

这是一张记录了在马其顿-塞尔维亚边界人们日常生活的一张照片。数万名难民来到这里，他们之中有老有少，很多人生病或受伤。他们急需庇护所、食物和医疗护理。这些难民大多是叙利亚人。

Europe must respond to the migrants in a more cohesive⁴ way, said Michel Gabaudan, president of Refugees International.

国际难民组织主席米歇尔·加堡丹表示，欧洲必须步调一致地对待这些难民。

“European borders must remain open to people who seek protection,” he stated. “I know that in the movement, there are people who are not refugees and they need to be screened out. But let’s not forget that the majority of them do come from Syria, Jordan and Afghanistan and do qualify for [the status of] refugees.”

她说，“欧洲国家的边境必须对寻求保护的人保持开放。我知道在难民涌入的过程中，会有不是难民的人浑水摸鱼，这些人要被筛选出去。但大家不要忘了，他们大部分人确实来自叙利亚、约旦和阿富汗并且确实符合难民身份。”

Key considerations

Reka Szemerkenyi, Hungary’s ambassador to the U.S., said the main problems are traffickers who are making money on human suffering. Hungary was the first EU member to increase border security measures and was accused of treating the refugees harshly.

匈牙利驻美大使瑞卡·斯泽莫科尼表示，主要问题是那些利用难民的苦难发财的偷渡集团。匈牙利是首个增加边境安保措施的欧盟国家，并且被控告粗暴对待难民。

But Szemerkenyi said the government has a responsibility to protect the common European border.

但是匈牙利驻美大使斯泽莫科尼说，匈牙利有责任保护欧盟的共同边界。

“At the same time, we understand that those countries that have taken the largest part of the burden, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey – where the largest number of refugees are in the camps - we have to provide for them and we have to help them to be able to support those people who are there,” he said.

Johns Hopkins University professor Daniel Serwer said the best way to deal with the refugee crisis is to stop the flow of people out of Syria and Afghanistan. But he acknowledged there is no quick solution.

约翰·霍普金斯大学教授丹尼尔·瑟沃尔表示，应对难民危机最好的办法就是刹住从叙利亚和阿富汗涌出的人流。但他也承认没有快速的解决办法。

“The refugees have found the path, and that path is maybe close to here or there, but one way or another they will find their way to those countries that are willing to accept them,” he said. “Fortunately, Europe needs some of these young, educated workers. I think Europe just has to get used to doing something that America used to do a long time ago, which is accepting immigration, not resisting it.”

他说，“难民们已经找到了逃亡的路，这条路不知通往何方。不过无论如何，他们都会找到一条路，到达愿意接纳他们的国家。幸运的是，欧洲需要这些年轻、受过教育的劳动力。我认为欧洲仅仅需要去习惯接纳移民，而不是排斥他们，就像美国很久以前就习以为常的那样。”

Easing demographic challenges

Many European countries face aging, declining populations. Like Serwer, Christian⁵ Odendahl of the Center for European Reform, said the migrants could help ease the “brain drain” of young professionals from the Balkans and Europe.

很多欧洲国家面临着人口老龄化、人口减少的问题。与瑟沃尔的观点类似，欧洲改革中心的克里斯蒂安·奥登达尔表示，移民可以帮助缓解巴尔干半岛和欧洲大陆年轻专业人才流失的问题。

“The refugee crisis, of course, poses a challenge, but also it has the potential to help Europe – or parts of Europe – solve their demographic problems,” he explained. “It depends on the extent to which Europeans will be able to integrate migrants, particularly into the labor⁶ markets.”

她说，“难民危机确实给欧洲带来挑战，但它同样也可能帮助欧洲，或者一部分欧洲，解决他们人口的问题。这取决于欧洲人将以何种程度让移民融入欧洲，特别是融入劳动力市场。”

Germany expects up to one million asylum-seekers this year alone.

德国预计，仅今年就有将近一百万人寻求庇护。

And the world's seven leading industrialized countries (G7), along with the Gulf⁷ states, have pledged $1.8 billion to help with the migrant crisis.

此外，七国集团连同海湾国家承诺，投入18亿美元以帮助解决难民危机。

Life at the border crossing for many migrants moving across the Balkans toward Europe, however, is still anything but easy.

但对于很多要跨越巴尔干半岛进入欧洲大陆的难民来说，边境上的日子一点也不好过。