英国卫报:群众的力量(6)

In recent decades, detailed¹ analytical² research has produced ever-more sophisticated insights into crowd behaviour, many of which disprove these long-standing assumptions.

近几十年来，详尽的分析研究对群体行为产生了越来越复杂的见解，其中许多都反驳了这些长期存在的假设。

"Crowds have an amazing ability to police themselves, self-regulate, and actually display a lot of pro-social behaviour, supporting others in their group,"

群体有一种惊人的能力，可以自我监督、自我调节，而且还会表现出很多亲社会的行为，支持群体中的其他人。”

says Anne Templeton, an academic at Edinburgh University who studies crowd psychology³.

爱丁堡大学研究群众心理学的学者安妮·坦普尔顿表示。

She points to the 2017 Manchester Arena⁴ terrorist attack,

她提到了2017年曼彻斯特体育馆的恐怖袭击，

in which CCTV footage showed members of the public performing first aid on the wounded before emergency services arrived,

闭路电视录像显示，在应急服务到达之前，公众对伤者进行急救，

and Mancunians rushed to provide food, shelter, transport and emotional support for the victims.

曼彻斯特人迅速为受害者提供食物、住所、交通工具和情感支持。

"People provide an amazing amount of help in emergencies to people they don't know, especially when they're part of an in-group."

“在紧急状况下，人们为陌生人提供了大量帮助，尤其是当他们同属于一个小圈子时。”

Strange things happen to our brains when we're in a crowd we've chosen to be part of, says Templeton.

邓普顿表示，在我们置身于自己选择加入的群体中时，我们的大脑会发生奇怪的变化。

We don't just feel happier and more confident, we also have a lower threshold of disgust.

我们不仅是感觉更快乐和更自信，我们厌恶的阈值也会更低。

This is why festivalgoers will happily share drinks (and by dint⁵ of their proximity⁶, sweat) with strangers,

这就是为什么参加节日的人会乐意与陌生人分享饮料(由于他们离得很近，出汗)，

or Hajj pilgrims will share the sometimes bloody⁷ razors used to shave their heads. In a crowd, we feel safer from harm.

朝觐的朝圣者会共用有时带血的剃刀来剃头。在人群中，我们感到安全，免受伤害。

If we now have a better grasp of the complexity⁸ of crowd dynamics⁹, the core truth about them is relatively¹⁰ simple:

如果我们现在能更好地理解人群动力学的复杂性，他们的核心真相相对简单：

they have the potential to magnify both the good and bad in us.

它们有可能放大我们的优点和缺点。

The loss of self in a crowd can lead to unthinkable violence, just as it can ecstatic transcendence.

在人群中失去自我会导致不堪设想的暴力，就像它会带来狂喜的超越一样。

What is striking is that, in recent decades, the latter has troubled the British establishment every bit as much as the former.

令人震惊的是，近几十年来，后者和前者一样，都给英国当权派带来了麻烦。

‘The open crowd is the true crowd," wrote Elias Canetti in his 1960 book Crowds and Power – "the crowd abandoning itself freely to its natural urge for growth",

开放的人群才是真正的人群，”伊莱亚斯·卡内蒂在他1960年的著作《人群与权力》中写道，“人群自由地放任自己，自然地追求增长。”

rather than those hemmed¹¹ in by authorities, limited in shape and size.

而不是那些被当局框住，在形状和大小上受到限制的人。

The Sermon on the Mount, he writes, was delivered to an open crowd.

他写道，登山宝训是向开放的人群传达的。

The obsequious¹² flock, the brainwashed cult¹³, the army marching in lock-step, is a world away from a fluid, democratic,

谄媚的人群，被洗脑的邪教，步调一致的军队，是一个远离流动的，民主的，

sometimes anarchic congregation of the people. These open crowds have become harder to find, and harder to keep open.

有时是人们的无政府集会。这些开放的人群越来越难找到，也更难保持开放。

1 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

2 analytical   

adj.分析的；用分析法的

参考例句：

• I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
• As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。

3 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

4 arena   

n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台

参考例句：

• She entered the political arena at the age of 25. 她25岁进入政界。
• He had not an adequate arena for the exercise of his talents.他没有充分发挥其才能的场所。

5 dint   

n.由于，靠；凹坑

参考例句：

• He succeeded by dint of hard work.他靠苦干获得成功。
• He reached the top by dint of great effort.他费了很大的劲终于爬到了顶。

6 proximity   

n.接近，邻近

参考例句：

• Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.法律规定禁止近亲结婚。
• Their house is in close proximity to ours.他们的房子很接近我们的。

7 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

8 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

9 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

10 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

11 hemmed   

缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 )； 包围

参考例句：

• He hemmed and hawed but wouldn't say anything definite. 他总是哼儿哈儿的，就是不说句痛快话。
• The soldiers were hemmed in on all sides. 士兵们被四面包围了。

12 obsequious   

adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的

参考例句：

• He looked at the two ladies with an obsequious air.他看着两位太太,满脸谄媚的神情。
• He was obsequious to his superiors,but he didn't get any favor.他巴结上司，但没得到任何好处。

13 cult   

n.异教，邪教；时尚，狂热的崇拜

参考例句：

• Her books aren't bestsellers,but they have a certain cult following.她的书算不上畅销书，但有一定的崇拜者。
• The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one.太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。