英国卫报：独狼式恐怖分子的故事(4)

For a number of governments around the world C Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Egypt C linking attacks on their soil to al-Qaida became a way to shift attention away from their own brutality¹, corruption² and incompetence³, and to gain diplomatic or material benefits from Washington.

对于乌兹别克斯坦、巴基斯坦、埃及等国政府来说，把在其领土上发生的袭击与基地组织联系起来，成为一种转移注意力的方式，使其不再关注自己的暴行、腐败和无能，并从华盛顿获得外交或物质利益。

For some officials in Washington, linking terrorist attacks to state-sponsored groups became a convenient way to justify⁴ policies, such as the continuing isolation⁵ of Iran, or military interventions⁶ such as the invasion of Iraq.

对华盛顿的一些官员来说，将恐怖袭击与国家支持的团体联系起来，成为证明政策合理性的一种便捷方式，如继续孤立伊朗，或进行军事干预，如入侵伊拉克。

For many analysts⁷ and policymakers, who were heavily influenced by the conventional wisdom on terrorism inherited from the cold war, thinking in terms of hierarchical groups and state sponsors was comfortably familiar.

对于许多深受冷战时期遗留下来的恐怖主义传统智慧影响的分析家和政策制定者来说，他们很熟悉等级集团和国家赞助者的思维方式。

A final factor was more subtle.

最后一个因素则更为微妙。

Attributing the new wave of violence to a single group not only obscured the deep, complex and troubling roots of Islamic militancy⁸ but also suggested the threat it posed would end when al-Qaida was finally eliminated.

将新的暴力事件归咎于一个团体，不仅掩盖了伊斯兰激进主义的深刻、复杂和令人不安的根源，而且还暗示只有当基地组织最终被消灭时，它所构成的威胁才会结束。

This was reassuring⁹, both for decision-makers and the public.

这对决策者和公众来说都是一种安慰。

By the middle of the decade, it was clear that this analysis was inadequate¹⁰.

到了十年中期，这种分析显然是不充分的。

Bombs in Bali, Istanbul and Mombasa were the work of centrally organised attackers, but the 2004 attack on trains in Madrid had been executed by a small network only tenuously¹¹ connected to the al-Qaida senior leadership 4,000 miles away.

巴厘岛、伊斯坦布尔和蒙巴萨的炸弹袭击都是集中组织的袭击者所为，但2004年对马德里火车的袭击是由一个小型网络执行的，该网络与4000英里外的基地组织高级领导层只有微弱的联系。

For every operation like the 2005 bombings in London C which was close to the model established by the 9/11 attacks C there were more attacks that didnt seem to have any direct link to Bin¹² Laden¹³, even if they might have been inspired by his ideology¹⁴.

每一次像2005年伦敦爆炸案这样的行动，都接近于9/11袭击所建立的模式，而更多的袭击似乎与本-拉登没有任何直接联系，即使它们可能受到他的意识形态的启发。

There was growing evidence that the threat from Islamic militancy was evolving into something different, something closer to the leaderless resistance promoted by white supremacists two decades earlier.

越来越多的证据表明，来自伊斯兰激进主义的威胁正在演变为不同的东西，更接近于20年前白人至上主义者所倡导的无领导抵抗。

As the 2000s drew to a close, attacks perpetrated by people who seemed to be acting¹⁵ alone began to outnumber all others.

随着2000年代接近尾声，由似乎是单独行动的人实施的袭击开始超过所有其他袭击。

These events were less deadly than the spectacular strikes of a few years earlier, but the trend was alarming.

这些事件没有几年前的壮观罢工那么致命，但这种趋势令人担忧。

In the UK in 2008, a convert to Islam with mental health problems attempted to blow up a restaurant in Exeter, though he injured no one but himself.

2008年在英国，一名有精神问题的伊斯兰教皈依者试图炸毁埃克塞特的一家餐馆，但他只伤到了自己。

In 2009, a US army major shot 13 dead in Fort Hood¹⁶, Texas.

2009年，一名美国陆军少校在德克萨斯州胡德堡开枪打死13人。

In 2010, a female student stabbed an MP in London.

2010年，一名女学生在伦敦刺伤了一名议员。

None appeared, initially¹⁷, to have any broader connections to the global jihadi movement.

最初，没有人与全球圣战运动有任何更广泛的联系。

1 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

2 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

3 incompetence   

n.不胜任，不称职

参考例句：

• He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而被解雇。
• She felt she had been made a scapegoat for her boss's incompetence. 她觉得，本是老板无能，但她却成了替罪羊。

4 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

5 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

6 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

7 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

8 militancy   

n.warlike behavior or tendency

参考例句：

• Full of militancy and revolutionary ardour, the people of all nationalities in the country are working hard for the realization of the four modernizations. 全国各族人民意气风发， 斗志昂扬，为实现四个现代化而奋战。
• The seniority system is another factor that leads to union militancy. 排资论辈制度也是导致工会好斗争的另一因素。

9 reassuring   

a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的

参考例句：

• He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
• With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。

10 inadequate   

adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的

参考例句：

• The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
• She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

11 tenuously   

薄地； 细地； 空洞无物地； 无关紧要地

参考例句：

• His works tenuously survive in the minds of a few scholars. 他的作品仅在几个学者脑中留下了些细微的印象。

12 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

13 laden   

adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的

参考例句：

• He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

14 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

15 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

16 hood   

n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖

参考例句：

• She is wearing a red cloak with a hood.她穿着一件红色带兜帽的披风。
• The car hood was dented in.汽车的发动机罩已凹了进去。

17 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。