英国卫报：独狼式恐怖分子的故事(6)

In March 2012, a 23-year-old petty criminal named Mohamed Merah went on a shooting spree C a series of three attacks over a period of nine days C in south-west France, killing¹ seven people.

2012年3月，一个名叫穆罕默德-梅拉（Mohamed Merah）的23岁罪犯在法国西南部进行了一次疯狂的枪击，在9天的时间里连续发动了三次袭击，杀死了7人。

Bernard Squarcini, head of the French domestic intelligence service, described Merah as a lone² wolf.

法国国内情报局局长伯纳德-斯夸西尼（Bernard Squarcini）将梅拉描述为一匹独狼。

So did the interior ministry³ spokesman, and, inevitably⁴, many journalists.

内政部发言人也是如此，而且不可避免的是，许多记者也是如此。

A year later, Lee Rigby, an off-duty soldier, was run over and hacked⁵ to death in London.

一年后，休班士兵李-瑞格比（Lee Rigby）在伦敦被碾压并砍死。

Once again, the two attackers were dubbed⁶ lone wolves by officials and the media.

这两名袭击者再次被官员和媒体称为“独狼”。

So, too, were Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the brothers who bombed the Boston Marathon in 2013.

2013年炸毁波士顿马拉松的兄弟Dzhokhar和Tamerlan Tsarnaev也是如此。

The same label has been applied⁷ to more recent attackers, including the men who drove vehicles into crowds in Nice and Berlin last year, and in London last week.

同样的标签也适用于最近的袭击者，包括去年在尼斯和柏林以及上周在伦敦开车撞向人群的男子。

One problem facing security services, politicians and the media is that instant analysis is difficult.

安全部门、政治家和媒体面临的一个问题是，即时分析很困难。

It takes months to unravel⁸ the truth behind a major, or even minor⁹, terrorist operation.

需要几个月的时间才能揭开一个重大的，甚至是小的恐怖行动背后的真相。

The demand for information from a frightened public, relayed by a febrile news media, is intense.

惊恐的公众对信息的需求，通过火热的新闻媒体转达，是非常强烈的。

People seek quick, familiar explanations.

人们寻求快速、熟悉的解释。

Yet many of the attacks that have been confidently identified as lone-wolf operations have turned out to be nothing of the sort.

然而，许多被自信地认定为独狼行动的袭击，结果却不是这样的。

Very often, terrorists who are initially¹⁰ labelled lone wolves, have active links to established groups such as Islamic State and al-Qaida. Merah, for instance, had recently travelled to Pakistan and been trained, albeit¹¹ cursorily¹², by a jihadi group allied¹³ with al-Qaida.

很多时候，最初被称为独狼的恐怖分子与伊斯兰国和基地组织等既定组织有着密切的联系，例如，梅拉最近曾前往巴基斯坦，并接受了与基地组织结盟的一个圣战组织的培训，尽管是粗略的培训。

Merah was also linked to a network of local extremists, some of whom went on to carry out attacks in Libya, Iraq and Syria.

梅拉还与一个当地极端分子网络有联系，其中一些人后来在利比亚、伊拉克和叙利亚进行了袭击。

Bernard Cazeneuve, who was then the French interior minister, later agreed that calling Merah a lone wolf had been a mistake.

时任法国内政部长的贝尔纳-卡泽纳夫（Bernard Cazeneuve）后来也承认，称梅拉为独狼是一个错误。

If, in cases such as Merahs, the label of lone wolf is plainly incorrect, there are other, more subtle cases where it is still highly misleading.

如果在梅拉这样的情况下，独狼的标签显然是不正确的，那么在其他更微妙的情况下，它仍然具有高度的误导性。

Another category of attackers, for instance, are those who strike alone, without guidance from formal terrorist organisations, but who have had face-to-face contact with loose networks of people who share extremist beliefs.

例如，另一类袭击者是在没有正式恐怖组织指导的情况下单独行动的人，但他们与拥有极端主义信仰的松散网络有面对面的接触。

The Exeter restaurant bomber¹⁴, dismissed as an unstable¹⁵ loner, was actually in contact with a circle of local militant¹⁶ sympathisers before his attack.

被认为是不稳定的独行侠的埃克塞特餐厅炸弹袭击者，在袭击前实际上与当地好战分子的一个圈子有联系。

(They have never been identified.)

(他们的身份从未被确认）。

The killers¹⁷ of Lee Rigby had been on the periphery¹⁸ of extremist movements in the UK for years, appearing at rallies of groups such as the now proscribed¹⁹ al-Muhajiroun, run by Anjem Choudary, a preacher convicted of terrorist offences in 2016 who is reported to have inspired up to 100 British militants²⁰.

李-瑞格比的凶手多年来一直处于英国极端主义运动的边缘，出现在一些团体的集会上，如现在被禁止的安杰姆-乔达里（Anjem Choudary）所管理的al-Muhajiroun，这位传教士在2016年被判犯有恐怖主义罪行，据说他曾激励过多达100名英国激进分子。

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 lone   

adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的

参考例句：

• A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
• She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。

3 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

4 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

5 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

6 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

8 unravel   

v.弄清楚（秘密）；拆开，解开，松开

参考例句：

• He was good with his hands and could unravel a knot or untangle yarn that others wouldn't even attempt.他的手很灵巧，其他人甚至都不敢尝试的一些难解的绳结或缠在一起的纱线，他都能解开。
• This is the attitude that led him to unravel a mystery that long puzzled Chinese historians.正是这种态度使他解决了长期以来使中国历史学家们大惑不解的谜。

9 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

10 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

11 albeit   

conj.即使；纵使；虽然

参考例句：

• Albeit fictional,she seemed to have resolved the problem.虽然是虚构的，但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
• Albeit he has failed twice,he is not discouraged.虽然失败了两次，但他并没有气馁。

12 cursorily   

adv.粗糙地，疏忽地，马虎地

参考例句：

• The subject has been referred to cursorily in the preface. 这个问题在序言中已粗略地提到了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The stags line up against the wall, chat cursorily with one another. 光棍来宾都一字靠在墙上，有口无心地聊着天儿。 来自辞典例句

13 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

14 bomber   

n.轰炸机，投弹手，投掷炸弹者

参考例句：

• He flew a bomber during the war.他在战时驾驶轰炸机。
• Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.追查伦敦爆炸案凶犯的侦探们急于对他进行讯问。

15 unstable   

adj.不稳定的，易变的

参考例句：

• This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books.这书橱很不结实，装不了这么多书。
• The patient's condition was unstable.那患者的病情不稳定。

16 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

17 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

18 periphery   

n.(圆体的)外面；周围

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。
• The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

19 proscribed   

v.正式宣布（某事物）有危险或被禁止( proscribe的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They are proscribed by federal law from owning guns. 根据联邦法律的规定，他们不准拥有枪支。 来自辞典例句
• In earlier days, the church proscribed dancing and cardplaying. 从前，教会禁止跳舞和玩牌。 来自辞典例句

20 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。