英国新闻听力 卢卡申科总统政权下的白俄罗斯

President Lukashenka’s Regime in Belarus卢卡申科总统政权下的白俄罗斯

被美国政府称为欧洲最后一个专政独裁的边区村落，白俄罗斯，十年来一直在亚历山大·卢卡申科总统的专政统治之下。亚历山大·卢卡申科一直为公众批判所不满。在去年的总统选举之前，十几名反对者被关进了监狱。此消息一直被紧紧的封锁着，乔纳森·福瑞尔一直在调查，据说，“知识就是力量”这句谚语已经深深的烙在了白俄罗斯人的头脑中。

单词注释： 

Regime n. 政权，政体 

Outpost n. 边区村落 

Dictatorship n. 专政 

Circumscribe² v. 限制 

Kiosk n. 亭子 

Sanction n. 制裁 

Democracy n. 民主政治，民主主义 

Samizdat n. 地下出版物 

Wangle v. 骗取

ANNOUNCER: Called an outpost of tyranny on Europe’s last dictatorship by the US Government, Belarus has for more than a decade, been under the rule of President Alexander Lukashenka. He is been intolerant of criticism and public displays of dissent³. In the run up to Presidential Elections last year, more than a dozen opposition⁴ figures were imprisoned⁵. Information is tightly controlled and as Jonathan Freyer has been finding out, the saying “knowledge is power” could have been coined with Belarus in mind.

播音员：被美国政府称为欧洲最后一个专政独裁的边区村落，白俄罗斯，十年来一直在亚历山大?卢卡申科总统的专政统治之下。亚历山大?卢卡申科一直为公众批判所不满。在去年的总统选举之前，十几名反对者被关进了监狱。此消息一直被紧紧的封锁着，乔纳森?福瑞尔一直在调查，据说，“知识就是力量”这句谚语已经深深的烙在了白俄罗斯人的头脑中。

JONATHAN FREYER: The weatherman on CNN had a glint in his eye as the clouds walls swirled⁶ the computer graphic⁷ behind him and he declared “well it looks as summer had ended in Northern Europe.” I could tell him that just by looking out from my window in Minsk. On a few days previously⁸, the temperature had been 35 degrees Celsius⁹ but now it has tumbled to mid¹ teens and rain was lashing¹⁰ the streets below. Undeterred my friend Sargay, (not his real name) turned up in his small shiny suit, bearing a beautifully wrapped books and flowers, nodded to me and hasten to add. But for the teacher of the primary school where his little boy was going to have his first day. “It is knowledge day” Sargay explains. This is what we do at this time of the year and everyone is very happy. Knowledge is something Belarusian’s treasure. They are highly educated people and average readers but their access to information is circumscribed¹¹. TV and radio are both totally controlled by the government of Alexander Lukashenka. Most newspapers also tow the line. The few independent ones constantly at risk of being shutdown have timely circulations, not usually available at news kiosks. Nor are foreign newspapers with the few Russian exceptions such as Extensia. Foreign journalists often denied visas to enter Belarus. Tellingly, it is the only European State that isn’t a member of the Council of Europe which monitors human rights among other things. Belarus is also under sanctions from the EU and some other Western countries. This is because the elections last year which prolonged President Lukashenka’s rule were declared to be rigged. Another friend of mine, Yore Kashkaske made a remarkable¹³ film called “the square” about the election period. It focused on the camp of pro¹² democracy campaigners who sent up tents in freezing conditions in Minsk’s October Square. Until they were evicted¹⁴ by the security forces and many were taken off to prison. The film was never shown in cinemas in Belarus of course, but 100 thousand copies circulated in the form of underground samizdat CDs. News also travels by word of mouth or through mobile phones. The internet, though expensive, is very popular. So, both sides in the Government opposition divide use technology to their advantage. I have been warned that my hotel was bugged¹⁵ and advised to avoid using landline phones. Meetings with opposition activists¹⁶ and independence journalists were carried out in noisy cafes or restaurants or in one case, in the park. Belarus is very reminiscent to their old Soviet¹⁷ Union in that way but today, even the Communist Party faces harassment¹⁸. Minsk is where what became the Soviet Communist Party held its first convention. There is Lenin’s Square in the Carl Marx avenue and box of the founder¹⁹ of the Soviet Intelligent Service, Philips Kaczynski is still located opposite the huge KGB building. The security services are constantly monitoring the population. In advanced of planned demonstrations²⁰, known activists are often rounded up and sent to prison for few days on trump²¹ up charges of swearing in public or urinating in the street. My friend Sargay at the young age of 27, had already been in jail four times. The other day, he took me to see the regimes pride and joy, the National Library. It is the tallest building in Belarus on the road out to the International Airport. It is certainly a remarkable structure distinctly resembling a spaceship that has landed in a middle of a barren plain. At night the edifice²² is light up with dancing hallowed lights and local drunks sit on benches nearby to enjoy the display. Although I was meant to give the authorities one month notice before going on a tour of the library, Saggy²³ managed to wangle me in. On each floor, there are wide circular corridors lined with contemporarily Belarus art. A lady guide walked backward with gymnastic dexterity²⁴, pointing everything out. As she explained, “That’s the reading room for people with secondary school certificates”; “And that’s the room for people with university education”; “And that’s the room for university professors”. A girl whom Sargay had brought along pointed²⁵ to a big wooden door, and whispered, “And that’s the president’s private suite²⁶, where he could read anything he wants in comfort.” she knew this despite the fact but she was the first time in the building. like many Belarusans, she is away that the library is constructed on marshy²⁷ land and she fears that one day, it will simply sink into the ground. “Like Lukashenka’s regime!” Sargay added with glee. 

乔纳森?福瑞尔：CNN的气象员闪着他的眼睛，盯着他身后电脑上旋转的云图，说：“看样子，北欧的夏季已经结束了。”从我明斯克房子的窗户向外望去，我就可以这样的告诉他。在先前的一些日子里，这里的温度始终在35度左右，而现在，大风能把5、6岁的孩子吹倒，街道也被急雨鞭笞着。我的朋友萨给（不是他的真名）并未吓住，换上他小小的、闪亮的西服，抱着包裹漂亮的书和鲜花，他朝我点点头，催促我赶快走。但是对于这位小学老师来说，他今天要给那里的小男孩们上第一堂课。“今天是知识日”萨给解释说。这就是我们今年的这个时期所做的，每个人都很开心。知识是白俄罗斯的财富。他们都是受过高教育的人和普通的读者，但是他们所了解的信息是受限制的。电视和电台都被亚历山大?卢卡申科完全控制，大多数的报纸也如此。仅有的几家独立的报纸也常常有关门的危险，不仅发行不及时，而且报刊亭上也常常不能买到。外国报纸也有同样的遭遇，只有几个俄国报纸例外，如Extensia。外国记者经常被拒签进入白俄罗斯。据说，它是欧洲唯一一个不是欧洲委员会的国家，因为欧洲委员会是权衡人类权利的机构。白俄罗斯也处于欧盟和一些其他西方国家的制裁之下。这是因为去年延长卢卡申科总统统治期的选举被宣布为非法操作。我的另一个朋友，姚尔?卡什卡斯基制作了一部著名的电影——《广场》。这部电影记录的是选举期间的事情，关注的是赞成民主的竞选者，他们在明斯克的10月广场支起了帐篷，在冰冻的季节，露宿在外。直到他们被安全武装驱赶才离开，很多人被送进了监狱。当然这部电影从没有在白俄罗斯的电影院播出过，但是已经有100000份，以地下秘密出版物的形式流通。消息也通过口耳或手机信息的方式传播。电脑虽然很贵，但很流行。我在酒店就受到这样的警告，说我的酒店被安装了窃听器，建议我不要使用有线电话。会见反对派的积极分子和独立播报的记者都要在吵闹的咖啡馆或是餐馆里，或是在公园里。白俄罗斯非常怀念旧时的苏联，而今甚至共产党也面临着窘境。明斯克是苏联共产党举行第一次大会的地方。在卡尔?马克思大街，有着列宁广场和苏联情报局创立的地方，非力普?开克兹恩斯基就位于巨大的苏联国家安全委员会大厦的对面。安全武装不断地巡视着四周的人们。在经事先策划的抗议中，其中的激进分子经常被围捕并送往监狱待上几天，并为他们捏造当众咒骂或在街上任意小便的罪名。我的朋友萨给才27岁，已经进了四次监狱。前几天他带我去看了全国图书馆，这个象征自豪、愉悦政权的建筑物。它是白俄罗斯最高的建筑物，比国际机场还要突出。它当然有着非凡的设计结构，就像一艘太空船降落于贫瘠平原的中部。到了晚上，大厦的灯亮了，而其中心的灯光舞动着，当地的醉汉们坐在路边的长凳上，欣赏着这美丽的夜色。虽然去图书馆参观之前，我很想专注当地政局，了解一个月的时间，萨给却把我成功的骗到了这里来。里面的每一层都是宽宽的环型走廊，四周悬挂着白俄罗斯近期的美术作品。一位女导游倒着走，像体操运动员一样灵活，为我们一一指引。她说：“那个阅览室是为高中毕业的人准备的”；“那个阅览室是为受过大学教育的人准备的”；“还有那间是为大学教授准备的”。萨给带来的小女孩指着一扇宽大的木门悄声地说：“那是总统的私人的书房，总统可以在里面舒服地看他想看的书。” 她早就知道这件事，但却是第一次来到这里。像许多白俄罗斯人一样，她要远离这座建立在沼泽地上的图书馆，因为她害怕有一天，它会陷到地下。“就像卢卡申科的政权一样！”萨给笑着补充道。

ANNOUNCER: Jonathan Freyer. 

播音员：以上是乔纳森?福瑞尔带来的报道。

1 mid   

adj.中央的，中间的

参考例句：

• Our mid-term exam is pending.我们就要期中考试了。
• He switched over to teaching in mid-career.他在而立之年转入教学工作。

2 circumscribe   

v.在...周围划线，限制，约束

参考例句：

• Please circumscribe the words which are wrongly spelled.请将拼错的词圈出来。
• The principal has requested all teachers to circumscribe failures in red on the report cards.这项规定要求，所有老师均要在报告卡用红笔上标出错误所在。

3 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

6 swirled   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks. 波浪翻滚着在岩石周围打旋。
• The water swirled down the drain. 水打着旋流进了下水道。

7 graphic   

adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的

参考例句：

• The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。

8 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

9 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

10 lashing   

n.鞭打；痛斥；大量；许多v.鞭打( lash的现在分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥

参考例句：

• The speaker was lashing the crowd. 演讲人正在煽动人群。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The rain was lashing the windows. 雨急打着窗子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 circumscribed   

adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定

参考例句：

• The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law. 君主统治的权力受到了新法律的制约。
• His activities have been severely circumscribed since his illness. 自生病以来他的行动一直受到严格的限制。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 pro   

n.赞成，赞成的意见，赞成者

参考例句：

• The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
• Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？

13 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

14 evicted   

v.（依法从房屋里或土地上）驱逐，赶出( evict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent. 许多房客因不付房租被赶了出来。
• They had evicted their tenants for non-payment of rent. 他们赶走了未交房租的房客。

15 bugged   

vt.在…装窃听器（bug的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The police have bugged his office. 警察在他的办公室装了窃听器。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had bugged off before I had a chance to get a word in. 我还没来得及讲话，他已经走了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

18 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

19 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

20 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

21 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

22 edifice   

n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室)

参考例句：

• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。
• There is a huge Victorian edifice in the area.该地区有一幢维多利亚式的庞大建筑物。

23 saggy   

松懈的，下垂的

参考例句：

• Daisy: Would you still love me if I were old and saggy? 当我的皮肤变得又老又松弛时，你还会爱我吗？
• My darling, if my breasts were saggy, would you still love me? 这是女人最担心的一个问题。

24 dexterity   

n.(手的)灵巧，灵活

参考例句：

• You need manual dexterity to be good at video games.玩好电子游戏手要灵巧。
• I'm your inferior in manual dexterity.论手巧，我不如你。

25 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

26 suite   

n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员

参考例句：

• She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.她在那家旅馆有一套房间。
• That is a nice suite of furniture.那套家具很不错。

27 marshy   

adj.沼泽的

参考例句：

• In August 1935,we began our march across the marshy grassland. 1935年8月，我们开始过草地。
• The surrounding land is low and marshy. 周围的地低洼而多沼泽。