穿裙子的男人 英国传统服饰知多少？

 　　England

　　英格兰

　　Although England is a country rich in folklore¹ and traditions, it has no definitive² "national" costume. The most well-known folk costumes are those of the Morris dancers. They can be seen in many country villages during the summer months performing folk dances that once held ritualistic and magical meanings associated with the awakening³ of the earth.

　　尽管英格兰有诸多民间传说与传统，它的“民族”服装却没有绝对说法。莫里斯舞者所着的是英格兰最知名的民族服饰。在夏季许多国家的村庄都会有人表演民族舞。这些舞蹈曾经是一种礼仪，还同地球的复苏有所联系，被认为蕴含魔力。

　　The costume varies from team to team, but basically consists of white trousers, a white shirt, a pad of bells worn around the calf⁴ of the leg, and a hat made of felt or straw, decorated with ribbons and flowers. The bells and ribbons are said to banish⁵ harm and bring fertility. Morris dancing was originally an all-male tradition, but now some teams feature women dancers too.

　　这种民族服饰在每个舞队之间是不同的，但基本上都包括一身白裤子和白衬衫，一副绑在小腿上且挂有铃铛的护具和一顶饰有缎带、鲜花的毡帽或草帽。据说铃铛及缎带能驱除祸害，并带来丰饶。莫里斯舞最初是一项只有男士参加的传统，不过如今一些队里也会有女性舞者。

　　Scotland

　　苏格兰

　　Perhaps the most famous national costume in Britain is the Scottish kilt with its distinctive⁶ tartan pattern. The kilt is a length of woollen cloth, pleated except for sections at each end. The kilt is worn around the waist, with the pleats at the back and the ends crossed over at the front and secured with a pin.

　　英国最有名气的民族服饰很可能是苏格兰式短裙，它的格子图案极具特色。苏格兰式短裙是一截呢子，除去两端，其他部分都打着褶。人们会把它围于腰间，将有褶部分置于身后，呢子的两端则在身前交叉，用一别针固定住。

　　Each Scottish Clan⁷ or family has its own distinctive tartan pattern, made up of different colours.

　　每个苏格兰家族或家庭有着它们各自特色的格子图案，颜色不尽相同。

　　The kilt forms part of the traditional Highland⁸ dress, worn by Scottish clansmen and Scottish regiments⁹. In addition to the kilt, a plaid or tartan cloak is worn over one shoulder, and a goatskin pouch¹⁰ or sporran is worn at the front of the kilt. Sometimes tartan trousers or trews are worn instead of a kilt. Women do not have their own distinctive national dress in Scotland, although tartan fabrics¹¹ are widely used in clothing, and the kilt is also worn.

　　传统苏格兰高地人服装是苏格兰的族人和军队中的着装。苏格兰式短裙构成了它的一部分。除短裙外，苏格兰人还会肩披一件格子呢斗篷，并在短裙前绑上一个山羊皮袋或毛皮袋。尽管很多衣服都会用到格子面料，苏格兰妇女也会穿短裙，她们却没有专属的民族服饰。

　　Wales

　　威尔士

　　The national costume of Wales is based on the peasant costume of the 18th and 19th centuries. Because Wales was isolated¹² geographically¹³ from the rest of Britain, many of the individual traits of costume and materials were retained in Welsh dress long after they had died out elsewhere. Unlike Scotland, the distinctive folk costume of Wales was worn by the women, consisting of a long gown  (betgwn) or skirt, worn with a petticoat (pais - the favoured colour was scarlet) and topped with a shawl folded diagonally to form a triangle and draped around the shoulders, with one corner hanging  down and two others pinned in front. Aprons¹⁴ were universally worn, sometimes simple, sometimes decorated with colourful embroidery¹⁵.

　　威尔士的民族服饰来源于18和19世纪的农民服装。因为威尔士与英国其他地方相距甚远，那时服装和材料的许多特点得以在威尔士服饰中留存下来，尽管它们在英国其他地区早早消亡。不像苏格兰，威尔士的特色民族服饰是由女性穿着，它包括一条长袍（威尔士语：betgwn）或是裙子，与经典深红色的衬裙（威尔士语：pais）搭配。在长袍上还覆有一条围巾。威尔士人会将其对折成三角形搭在肩上，使它的一角垂下来，另外二个角则用别针固定在身前。通常她们还会系上围裙，有的围裙设计简单，而有的上面是多彩的刺绣。

　　The most distinctive part of the costume was the tall black "Welsh hat" or "beaver¹⁶ hat", thought to have originated in France at the end of the 18th century. The hats had a tall crown, cylindrical¹⁷ or conical in shape with a wide brim, and were usually trimmed with a band of silk or crêpe.

　　威尔士服饰最与众不同的部分就是那高耸的黑色“威尔士帽”了，也称“海狸皮帽”。它被认为源自18世纪末的法国。这类帽子冠高边宽，呈圆柱或圆锥形。通常它们的边缘会饰以一圈丝绸或是绉纱。

　　Northern Ireland

　　北爱尔兰

　　Early Irish dress, based on Gaelic and Norse costumes, consisted of check trews for men, worn with a fringed cloak or mantle¹⁸, or a short tunic¹⁹ for both men and women, worn with a fringed cloak. This style of dressing²⁰ was prohibited in the 16th century under sumptuary laws, passed to suppress the distinctive Irish dress and so overcome Irish reluctance²¹ to become part of England. In particular, the wearing of the fringed cloak was forbidden, as was the wearing of trews or any saffron-coloured garment (saffron yellow was an important feature of Irish costume).

　　早期的爱尔兰服饰源自盖尔人和挪威人的服装。男士着紧身格子呢绒裤，肩戴一流苏斗篷或是男女皆宜的短束腰外衣，女士也会披流苏斗篷。而16世纪颁发的节约法令禁止这样风格的服饰。这法令是为了镇压特色爱尔兰服装，同时也是要对付不愿与英格兰合并的爱尔兰。

　　Although a strong tradition of wearing folk costume does not survive in Northern Ireland today, folk music and folk dancing are very important.

　　尽管如今的北爱尔兰不再有穿着民族服装的强烈传统，民族音乐和民族舞蹈在北爱尔兰还是有重要地位的。

1 folklore   

n.民间信仰，民间传说，民俗

参考例句：

• Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore.诸葛亮在民间传说中成了智慧的代名词。
• In Chinese folklore the bat is an emblem of good fortune.在中国的民间传说中蝙蝠是好运的象征。

2 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。

3 awakening   

n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的

参考例句：

• the awakening of interest in the environment 对环境产生的兴趣
• People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。

4 calf   

n.小牛，犊，幼仔，小牛皮

参考例句：

• The cow slinked its calf.那头母牛早产了一头小牛犊。
• The calf blared for its mother.牛犊哞哞地高声叫喊找妈妈。

5 banish   

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

• The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
• He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。

6 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

7 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

8 highland   

n.(pl.)高地，山地

参考例句：

• The highland game is part of Scotland's cultural heritage.苏格兰高地游戏是苏格兰文化遗产的一部分。
• The highland forests where few hunters venture have long been the bear's sanctuary.这片只有少数猎人涉险的高山森林，一直都是黑熊的避难所。

9 regiments   

（军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物

参考例句：

• The three regiments are all under the command of you. 这三个团全归你节制。
• The town was garrisoned with two regiments. 该镇有两团士兵驻守。

10 pouch   

n.小袋，小包，囊状袋；vt.装...入袋中，用袋运输；vi.用袋送信件

参考例句：

• He was going to make a tobacco pouch out of them. 他要用它们缝制一个烟草袋。
• The old man is always carrying a tobacco pouch with him.这老汉总是随身带着烟袋。

11 fabrics   

织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地

参考例句：

• cotton fabrics and synthetics 棉织物与合成织物
• The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品。

12 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

13 geographically   

adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe. 从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。 来自辞典例句
• All these events, however geographically remote, urgently affected Western financial centers. 所有这些事件，无论发生在地理上如何遥远的地方，都对西方金融中心产生紧迫的影响。 来自名作英译部分

14 aprons   

围裙( apron的名词复数 )； 停机坪，台口（舞台幕前的部份）

参考例句：

• Many people like to wear aprons while they are cooking. 许多人做饭时喜欢系一条围裙。
• The chambermaid in our corridor wears blue checked gingham aprons. 给我们扫走廊的清洁女工围蓝格围裙。

15 embroidery   

n.绣花，刺绣；绣制品

参考例句：

• This exquisite embroidery won people's great admiration.这件精美的绣品，使人惊叹不已。
• This is Jane's first attempt at embroidery.这是简第一次试着绣花。

16 beaver   

n.海狸，河狸

参考例句：

• The hat is made of beaver.这顶帽子是海狸毛皮制的。
• A beaver is an animals with big front teeth.海狸是一种长着大门牙的动物。

17 cylindrical   

adj.圆筒形的

参考例句：

• huge cylindrical gas tanks 巨大的圆柱形贮气罐
• Beer cans are cylindrical. 啤酒罐子是圆筒形的。

18 mantle   

n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红

参考例句：

• The earth had donned her mantle of brightest green.大地披上了苍翠欲滴的绿色斗篷。
• The mountain was covered with a mantle of snow.山上覆盖着一层雪。

19 tunic   

n.束腰外衣

参考例句：

• The light loose mantle was thrown over his tunic.一件轻质宽大的斗蓬披在上衣外面。
• Your tunic and hose match ill with that jewel,young man.你的外套和裤子跟你那首饰可不相称呢，年轻人。

20 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

21 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。