专业术语—口腔生理学术语I3(英文详解)

    Insulin - an endochrine hormone¹ produced in the spleen which controls the amount of sugar in the blood by a) transporting it into cells and promoting glycolysis b) converting it into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles, and c) converting it into fats. Without sufficient insulin, glucose² accumulates in the blood and urine and the cells of the body are starved, a condition known as diabetes³. The control of insulin production is another example of a feedback system.

    Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) - a cytokine that influences growth hormone activity.

    Integrins are the cell surface receptor molecules⁴ which match up with parts of the matrix protein ligands to allow adhesion of the cell to the matrix. The attachment⁵ of cells to matrix proteins also influences the cells behaviour, by the expression of genes⁶. The integrins are a family of proteins, found doing the same job on all animal cells. Their importance in maintaining the structural⁷ integrity of cells led to the name integrins.

    Intercalated ducts - ducts which carry saliva⁸ between the tubules and the striated⁹ ducts.

    Interferon - a glycoprotein produced by cell s which mobilise the T lymphocytes to inhibit¹⁰ viruses and the growth of cancer cells.

    Interleukins - a variety of compounds(about 20) that are produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes. They regulate the cell mediated¹¹ response of the immune system. Interleukin-1 is involved in the triggering of the immune response, starting acute inflammation and maintaining chronic¹² inflammation. Interleukin-2 is produced by helper T cells and induces proliferation of immune cells, both T and B. Interleukin-3 promotes the differentiation¹³ and proliferation of stem cells of the leucocyte¹⁴ family.Interleukin -6 produced by various cells including tumour¹⁵ cells and acts as a stimulant¹⁶ of plasma¹⁷ proteins and B and T cells. Interleukin -12 is produced by a range of cells. It activates¹⁸ T cells and natural killer¹⁹ cells. It promotes the response to a range of pathogens including HIV of Interleukin-2. It appears to be one of the most promising²⁰ Interleukins for the control of viral, bacterial²¹ and protozoal infections.

1 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

2 glucose   

n.葡萄糖

参考例句：

• I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
• The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

5 attachment   

n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附

参考例句：

• She has a great attachment to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。
• She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.她现在隶属于国防部。

6 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

7 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

8 saliva   

n.唾液，口水

参考例句：

• He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
• Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。

9 striated   

adj.有纵线，条纹的

参考例句：

• The striated and polished surfaces are called slicken-sides.有条痕的磨光面则称为擦痕面。
• There are striated engravings on this wall.这面墙上有着条纹状的雕饰。

10 inhibit   

vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制

参考例句：

• Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
• They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。

11 mediated   

调停，调解，斡旋( mediate的过去式和过去分词 )； 居间促成； 影响…的发生； 使…可能发生

参考例句：

• He mediated in the quarrel between the two boys. 他调解两个孩子之间的争吵。
• The government mediated between the workers and the employers. 政府在工人与雇主间搞调和。

12 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

13 differentiation   

n.区别，区分

参考例句：

• There can be no differentiation without contrast. 有比较才有差别。
• The operation that is the inverse of differentiation is called integration. 与微分相反的运算叫做积分。

14 leucocyte   

n.白细胞

参考例句：

• The main energy producing pathway in the leucocyte is glycolysis,resulting in lactate production from glucose.糖酵解，即从葡萄糖生成乳酸盐，是白细胞产生能量的主要途径。
• The increased leucocyte count is related to degree of infarction.白细胞计数的升高与梗死程度相关。

15 tumour   

n.(tumor)(肿)瘤，肿块

参考例句：

• The surgeons operated on her for a tumour.外科医生为她施行了肿瘤切除手术。
• The tumour constricts the nerves.肿瘤压迫神经。

16 stimulant   

n.刺激物，兴奋剂

参考例句：

• It is used in medicine for its stimulant quality.由于它有兴奋剂的特性而被应用于医学。
• Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。

17 plasma   

n.血浆，细胞质，乳清

参考例句：

• Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
• The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

18 activates   

使活动，起动，触发( activate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Activates the window and displays it in its current size and position. 激活窗口，保持当前的大小及位置不变。
• Pulling out the alarm switch activates alarm and pushing it deactivates it. 闹钟的开和关是通过拔出和按入闹铃开关实现的。

19 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

20 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

21 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。