专业术语—口腔生理学术语I4(英文详解)

    Intermediate filaments¹ - unlike microfilaments and microtubules, they are verystable. Instead of being stacked proteins, as in actin, intermediate filaments are built of interlocking proteins. A dense² sheet of intermediate filaments strengthens the nucleus³. Skin cells are filled with keratin, which at the last moment, just before they die. they cross link, to provide a really insoluble barrier layer of the skin. The cross linkage⁴ is between the sulphur atoms of cysteine, one of keratin's amino acids.

    Interproximal wear - loss of enamel⁵ on the adjacent surfaces of teeth which is due to continual friction⁶ between the two surfaces as teeth move against each other.

    Intratubular dentine - dentine formed inside the tubule by the odontoblast process in response to tooth wear, ageing or arrested caries.

    Intrinsic fibres - refers to those fibres of cementum which were laid down by cementoblasts.

    Ionised - the loss or gain of an electron from an atom which makes it no longer neutral but an electrically charged ion. If the electron leaves the atom it becomes a positively⁷ charged ion, such when calcium⁸ or sodium⁹ becomes ionised (Ca+, Na+). If the electron is gained, the atom becomes relatively¹⁰ negatively charged such as when chlorine or a phosphate group of atoms lose an electron (Cl-, PO4-). Ionized atoms or groups of atoms are more reactive than when they are neutral.

    Ions - an atom or molecules¹¹ which has a net electrical charge This may be caused by the temporary loss (positive ion) or gain (negative ion) of an electron. A calcium ion is written Ca+.

    Ipsilateral - the same side as distinct from contralateral. Often used to refer to the teeth, joint¹² or muscles on the same side as chewing is occurring.

1 filaments   

n.（电灯泡的）灯丝( filament的名词复数 )；丝极；细丝；丝状物

参考例句：

• Instead, sarcomere shortening occurs when the thin filaments'slide\" by the thick filaments. 此外，肌节的缩短发生于细肌丝沿粗肌丝“滑行”之际。 来自辞典例句
• Wetting-force data on filaments of any diameter and shape can easily obtained. 各种直径和形状的长丝的润湿力数据是易于测量的。 来自辞典例句

2 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

3 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

4 linkage   

n.连接；环节

参考例句：

• In their monographic treatment of linkage,they have emphasized this especially.他们在论连锁的专题文章中特别强调了这点。
• Occasionally,problems with block inheritance or linkage are encountered.有时会遇到区段遗传或连锁问题。

5 enamel   

n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质

参考例句：

• I chipped the enamel on my front tooth when I fell over.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。
• He collected coloured enamel bowls from Yugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。

6 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

7 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

8 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

9 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

10 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

11 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

12 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。