VOA慢速英语2013 健康报道 - 儿童自闭症的早期迹象

 

Health Report - Watching for Early Signs of Autism in Babies

健康报道 - 儿童自闭症的早期迹象

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report in Special English.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

Children with autism have difficulty with social skills and communication. They often behave in restricted and repetitive ways and have what seem like abnormally intense interests.

患有自闭症的儿童在社交技能和沟通上存在障碍。他们的行为举止往往具有局限性和重复性，同时有貌似格外强烈的兴趣。

A widely used medical guide will list autism under a new definition and name, "autism spectrum¹ disorder²." The changes will appear in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical³ Manual of Mental Disorders⁴, to be published in May.

广泛使用的医疗指南将自闭症列入“自闭症谱系障碍”这一新的名称定义之下。这一变化将在今年五月出版的《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第5版中体现出来。

The "spectrum" represents a group of developmental brain disorders, ranging from mild to severely⁵ disabling. A milder form commonly called Asperger’s syndrome⁶ will no longer be listed as a separate disorder with its own name.

谱系代表了大脑发育障碍从轻微丧失能力到严重丧失能力的一个群体。其中比较温和的阿斯伯格综合症将不再被单独列为一种疾病。

Autism is more common in boys than girls. What causes it is not clear. Scientists are studying genes⁷ and possible environmental influences.

自闭症在男孩中更为常见，其成因尚不明确。科学家正在研究基因和环境可能造成的影响。

Doctors usually cannot confirm a diagnosis⁸ of autism until a child is about three years old. Rebecca Landa is a researcher at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland. Professor Landa wanted to find out what differences in development might be seen earlier. She led a new study that observed 235 babies between six and 36 months of age.

医生通常无法确诊自闭症，直到孩子到了三岁左右。丽贝卡·蓝达（Rebecca Landa）是位于马里兰州的约翰霍普金斯大学医学院和肯尼迪克里格研究所的一名研究人员。蓝达教授希望找出发育上的早期差别。她领导一项新研究对235名年龄在6到36个月的婴儿进行了观察。

"At six months of age, the signs of some risk for developing communication and social delays, including autism, include motor delays. Like when you lay your baby on their back and you pull them by the arms gently into a seated position, the baby’s head may nod back behind the shoulders, like poor head control. So that does not mean that the baby is going to have autism, but it does mean the baby needs to have some exercises to strengthen their body. And when they strengthen their body, they are better able to play with toys and engage with people, which then goes on to help them have better outcomes."

“婴儿年龄在6个月时，沟通和社交发育迟缓，以及包括自闭症在内的这些风险的一些迹象包括动作迟缓。比如当你让宝宝躺下然后轻拉他们的手臂变为坐姿时，宝宝的头可能耷拉在背后，像是头部控制不好。这并不意味着宝宝会患上自闭症，但这确实意味着宝宝需要做一些加强身体的练习。当他们的身体加强后，他们就能更好地玩玩具以及和人们交流，这些随后会帮助他们更好的发育。”

By the time a baby is one year old, signs of possible autism include difficulty in using words and not looking eye-to-eye or reaching out to other people. By 14 months, the baby might smile less and use language less. However, Professor Landa says these signs can be so small that they might be missed during a short health exam.

当宝宝一岁时，自闭症的可能迹象包括言语困难、无法和他人对视或接触。到了14个月，宝宝可能会笑得少，说话少。然而蓝达教授表示，这些迹象如此细微，在简短的健康检查中可能会被忽视。

"It’s important for parents to stay tuned⁹ in to their children’s development, and if a parent is concerned about a child’s development, for professionals to listen to them." 

“重要的是家长要继续关注孩子的发育。如果家长关心孩子的成长，专业人士听取他们的意见就很重要。”

The earlier parents notice delays, she says, the sooner they can begin doing simple things that may help improve their child’s development. For example: talking to the child about what they are doing, commenting when the child shows them something, and playing simple games that keep the child’s attention.

她说，家长越早发现宝宝发育迟缓，他们就能越早做一些可能会有助于改善宝宝发育的简单的事情。例如，和孩子聊聊自己正在做什么，当孩子向他们展示什么东西时做出评论，玩一些保持宝宝注意力的简单游戏。

1 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

2 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

3 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

4 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

6 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

7 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

8 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

9 tuned   

adj.调谐的，已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调

参考例句：

• The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味，老少皆宜。
• The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》