VOA慢速英语2015 西方国家批评俄罗斯在叙利亚的空袭行动

AS IT IS 2015-10-06 Western Nations Criticize Russia’s Air Campaign in Syria 西方国家批评俄罗斯在叙利亚的空袭行动

Western countries are strongly criticizing Russia for the type of bombs it is reportedly using to strike Syria.

西方国家强烈批评俄罗斯最近在叙利亚展开的空中袭击

Russia began the airstrikes September 30. Western countries disputed Russia's targets. Russia said it was bombing Islamic State militant¹ positions. The United States and other nations said the targets were Syrian rebels and civilians³ who oppose President Bashar al-Assad.

俄罗斯从9月30日起一直展开空袭。西方国家对俄罗斯行动的目的表示质疑。俄罗斯表示：行动的目标是伊斯兰国分子。但是美国和其他一些国家说：轰炸的目标是叙利亚反对派

The Russian Defense⁴ Ministry⁵ released video recordings⁶ of Russian warplanes. Western military experts studied the recordings. They said Russia is using unguided, or dumb, bombs.

俄罗斯国防部部长公开了一段俄罗斯战机记录下的录像。西方各军方在研究了该录像之后说：俄罗斯没有使用定位炸弹

Dumb bombs are bombs that fall freely from planes. They have no guidance system. They cannot be directed once they leave the plane.

哑巴炸弹是一种从飞机上自由落体的炸弹，他们没有定位系统，一旦离开飞机后就无法确定袭击目标

The weapons Russia uses

俄罗斯使用的武器

Elliot Higgins is the founder⁷ of Bellingcat, a blog site on the Internet. It reports on weapons use in the Syrian civil war and the conflict in east Ukraine's Donbas region.

Elliot Higgins是Bellingcat网站的站长。。根据他网站上的内容，俄罗斯在叙利亚使用的武器和在乌克兰东部使用的武器是一样的

Mr. Higgins said, "There are clear markings for the OFAB 250-270 unguided bombs on Russian jets in Syria."

Elliot Higgins说：“这里很明确的标志，俄罗斯OFAB 250-270非定位导弹。”

British Defense Minister Michael Fallon has condemned⁸ the use of unguided bombs on civilian² areas.

英国国防部长指责俄罗斯在平民区使用非定位导弹

Military experts also said Russia's campaign in Syria is similar to Syria's air actions. The country has used low-cost, improvised¹⁰ devices, such as barrels filled with fuel, explosives and metal pieces. In the past year, they have used bombs that explode before hitting the ground. This causes much greater death and damage over a wider area.

军事专家还说：俄罗斯在地面使用的武器和空中武器差不多。俄罗斯使用低能、简单的装备，比如用大桶装燃油、爆炸物和金属碎片。在过去的一年，他们使用的炸弹在落到地面以前就会爆炸，这也就造成了更大面积死亡和受伤

Russia's OFAB 250-270 was designed to destroy military industrial sites, railroads and to kill people on open land.

俄罗斯的OFAB 250-270手是被用来毁灭军事设备、铁路和在开阔区域袭击人

The true value of dumb bombs

哑巴炸弹的价格

Peter Quentin of the Royal United Services Institute said such weapons are used for “terrorizing a population.”

皇家联合服务机构的Peter Quentin表示：此类武器适用于“威胁平民”

On Sunday, a Russian air force spokesman said the military was also using guided missiles in Syria. Russian media shortly after the statement released photographs of Russian warplanes carrying the missiles.

在周日，俄罗斯空中部队发言人表示：他们也在叙利亚境内适用定位导弹。然后马上，俄罗斯媒体就配上俄罗斯战机携带定位导弹的照片

Guided bombs and missiles do not always work as planned. Accurate information about targets is important for them to work correctly. However, the use of dumb bombs sharply increases the probability of civilian injuries and death.

定位导弹效果不尽人意。他们无法准确定位目标信息。然而，使用非定位导弹会增加平民的受伤率和死亡率

A Syrian group opposed to President Assad said Saturday that 39 civilians had been killed in the Russian air strikes. The group said 12 Islamic State fighters and two al-Qaida militants¹¹ also had been killed. The numbers were not confirmed.

叙利亚反对党在周六表示：在俄罗斯的空袭行动中，他们已经有39人被杀害。还有12名IS分子和2名al-Qaida部队成员被打死。但是数据准确性不得而知

Russian bombing raids have hit several provinces since Wednesday. They centered on Idlib in the northwest and Hama in central Syria. Neither territory is controlled by the Islamic State group, the target of the air campaign, according to the Russian government.

俄罗斯炸弹突袭从周三起就在几个省一直持续不断。他们主要的叙利亚几个重要省附近采取行动，但是没有一个省是在伊斯兰国分子的控制范围。这有悖于俄罗斯政府宣布的袭击目的

Air space violations¹²

空中领土侵犯

NATO demanded an immediate¹³ explanation after Turkey reported Russian fighter jets had invaded its airspace many times. Turkish military planes escorted the Russian jets out on October 3 and 4.

北约要求俄罗斯立即解释为何俄罗斯飞机数次入侵土耳其领空。土耳其军方飞机在10月3日到4日，将俄罗斯飞机驱逐出去

Following the airspace violations, NATO member Turkey warned that Russia would be "responsible for any undesired incident" if another breach¹⁴ takes place.

根据侵犯领空权，北约成员土耳其警告俄罗斯，如果类似情况再次出现，后果自负

NATO's Secretary General said Monday that he met with Turkey's Foreign Minister to discuss Russian operations in Syria.

北约总将表示：他周一已经和土耳其外长见面，共同讨论俄罗斯对叙利亚采取的行动

The organization's decision-making body, the North Atlantic Council, said Turkish officials repeatedly warned Russian planes to leave the airspace. It called it "irresponsible behavior" and asked Russia for an explanation.

作为主要决策人的北约表示：土耳其政府一直警告俄罗斯飞机离开土耳其领空，并要求俄罗斯对其不负责任的行为作出解释

The Russian government confirmed that it had been in the wrong airspace. A news report says a defense ministry spokesman blamed the incursion on poor weather.

俄罗斯政府证实飞机误入错误航线。新闻报道表示：俄罗斯国防部发言人把事件原因归咎于天气

Words in This Story

dumb – adj. not requiring or resulting from intelligence

improvise⁹ – v. o make or create (something) by using whatever is available

barrel – n. a round often wooden container with curved sides and flat ends

escort -– v. to go with (someone or something) to give protection or guidance

incursion – n. a sudden invasion or attack : an act of entering a place or area that is controlled by an enemy

1 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

2 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

3 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

6 recordings   

n.记录( recording的名词复数 )；录音；录像；唱片

参考例句：

• a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
• old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

7 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

8 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

9 improvise   

v.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成

参考例句：

• If an actor forgets his words，he has to improvise.演员要是忘记台词，那就只好即兴现编。
• As we've not got the proper materials,we'll just have to improvise.我们没有弄到合适的材料，只好临时凑合了。

10 improvised   

a.即席而作的,即兴的

参考例句：

• He improvised a song about the football team's victory. 他即席创作了一首足球队胜利之歌。
• We improvised a tent out of two blankets and some long poles. 我们用两条毛毯和几根长竿搭成一个临时帐蓬。

11 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

12 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

13 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

14 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。