VOA慢速英语2016 东盟土地侵占冲突不断上升

AS IT IS 2016-08-02 Group Warns of Rising ASEAN Land Grab Conflicts 东盟土地侵占冲突不断上升

An international human rights organization says Southeast Asia is facing increasing conflicts and violence over land grab activity. A “land grab” relates to taking land quickly, forcefully and often illegally.

一个国际人权组织说，东南亚正面临越来越多的关于圈地活动的冲突和暴力。“圈地”是关于迅速地、有力地、经常是非法地获得的土地。

In this case, the International Federation¹ for Human Rights says governments need to strengthen legal reforms to protect local people from investors² seeking land for business use.

在这种情况下，国际人权联合会说，各国政府需要加强法制改革以保护当地居民免受寻求商业用地投资者的伤害。

Economic growth but local conflict

经济增长但当地出现冲突

The call comes as the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, sees significant economic growth.

这次对话源于由十个国家组成的东南亚国家联盟，或ASEAN，看到显著的经济增长。

If ASEAN were a single country, it would be the world's seventh largest economy. The group's foreign investment reached $136.3 billion in 2014.

如果东盟是一个国家，它将成为世界第七大经济体。该集团的外国投资在2014年达到1363亿美元。

But this economic growth has led to conflicts between local communities and investors. While businesses seek land for factories and plantations³, local residents and farmers are often forced to leave their land. These evictions can lead to violence and displacement⁵.

但这种经济增长导致了当地社区和投资者之间的冲突。当企业寻求工厂用地和种植园用地时，当地居民和农民往往被迫离开他们的土地。这些拆迁可能导致暴力和流离。

Cambodia

柬埔寨

The International Federation for Human Rights says land grabbing has displaced more than 800,000 people in Cambodia since 2000. It says the practice of land grabbing is a serious crime and has filed a case with the International Criminal Court.

国际人权联合会说自2000年以来，在柬埔寨侵占土地而被抓的有超过800000人。它表明侵占土地的做法是一种严重的犯罪并可以向国际刑事法庭提起诉讼。

Many land grabs in Cambodia are related to the sugar industry. The global aid group Oxfam has urged international sugar buyers to carry out policies against land grabbing.

柬埔寨的许多征地涉及制糖业。全球救援组织乐施会呼吁国际食糖买家开展对征占土地的政策。

Two of the world's largest sugar buyers are the beverage⁶ companies Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Coca-Cola is now investigating its key sugar suppliers. PepsiCo says it has adopted a global “zero tolerance⁷” policy for land grabs.

两个世界上最大的糖买家是饮料公司可口可乐和百事可乐。可口可乐正在调查其主要糖的供应商。百事公司表示，它采取了全球征地的“零容忍”政策。

A major sugar producer is called Mitr Phol. The company is based in Thailand and has operations in Cambodia.

一个主要的糖生产商叫做Mitr Phol。这家公司的总部设在泰国和在柬埔寨进行生产。

In 2008, the Cambodian government granted the company access in a remote northwest province for sugar production. Rights groups said that, at the time, the 200 square kilometers of land was occupied by 2,000 families.

2008年柬埔寨政府授予该公司一个偏远的西北省份的土地进行糖生产。人权组织说，当时那200平方公里的土地是2000个家庭的家。

One villager told VOA that the Cambodian government forcibly evicted⁸ the entire community. “When the soldiers came I had already escaped. But I heard from a landlord later they had burned all the houses,” the villager said.

一位村民告诉美国之音说，柬埔寨政府强行驱逐整个社区。“士兵们来的时候我已经逃脱了。但后来我听到一个房东说，他们烧毁了所有的房子，”村民说。

The Thai Human Rights Commission said Mitr Phol caused the “collapse of the community” after taking over the land. Those allegations, along with pressure from sugar buyers, eventually led the company to leave Cambodia.

泰国人权委员会说Mitr Phol接管土地后造成社区的“崩溃”。这些指控加上糖买家的压力，最终导致公司离开柬埔寨。

Myanmar

缅甸

The International Federation for Human Rights says land grabbing is also a big problem in Myanmar. The government has estimated that more than 800,000 hectares of land across Myanmar is considered “confiscated.”

国际人权联盟说在缅甸，侵占土地也是一个大问题。政府估计，超过800000公顷的土地在缅甸被认为是“被没收了”。

The country's Farmland Investigation¹⁰ Commission was set up in 2012 to investigate land grab cases. The new government of State Counselor¹¹ Aung San Suu Kyi has set a priority of settling land disputes.

该国农田调查委员会成立于2012年，主要是调查土地占用案件。新政府的辅导员昂山素季已经确定优先解决土地纠纷。

Debbie Stothard is secretary general of the IFHR. She says it will take “wide-ranging reforms” to Myanmar's legal system to solve the problem.

黛比斯·托瑟德是本联合会的秘书长。她说解决这个问题需要缅甸法律制度的“广泛改革”。

Words in This Story

eviction⁴ – n. the forcible removal of people from where they live

displacement – n. the forced departure of people from their homes

zero tolerance – n. a complete refusal to accept certain behavior

landlord – n. the owner of a house or apartment who rents to other people

confiscate⁹ – v. the taking of property by an established authority

1 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 plantations   

n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Soon great plantations, supported by slave labor, made some families very wealthy. 不久之后出现了依靠奴隶劳动的大庄园，使一些家庭成了富豪。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• Winterborne's contract was completed, and the plantations were deserted. 维恩特波恩的合同完成后，那片林地变得荒废了。 来自辞典例句

4 eviction   

n.租地等的收回

参考例句：

• The family have won a temporary reprieve from eviction.这个家庭暂时免于被逐出。
• He claimed damages for unlawful eviction.他要求对非法驱逐作出赔偿。

5 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

6 beverage   

n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料

参考例句：

• The beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
• Beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。

7 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

8 evicted   

v.（依法从房屋里或土地上）驱逐，赶出( evict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent. 许多房客因不付房租被赶了出来。
• They had evicted their tenants for non-payment of rent. 他们赶走了未交房租的房客。

9 confiscate   

v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公

参考例句：

• The police have the right to confiscate any forbidden objects they find.如发现违禁货物，警方有权查扣。
• Did the teacher confiscate your toy?老师没收你的玩具了吗？

10 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

11 counselor   

n.顾问，法律顾问

参考例句：

• The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
• Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。