安东尼福奇由博士:美国抗击传染病斗士 2

AS IT IS 2016-09-01 Part Two of Dr. Anthony Fauci: America’s Man on Infectious Diseases

The nation’s top expert on infectious diseases is Dr. Anthony S. Fauci.

Fauci has carried out important research in HIV/AIDS and other diseases affecting the immune system. He also is the director of the National Institute of Allergy¹ and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the United States National Institutes of Health.

At age 75, Fauci has served under five presidents during his tenure². His advice is sought all over the world when infectious diseases threaten to become public health crises. He says, when considering the history of public and global health, vaccines⁴ could be the most important intervention⁵ that has ever been developed for any public health issue.

That was the case with the serious disease caused by the West Nile Virus.

"West Nile Virus was never in the United States until 1999. It was in the West Nile area of Africa and in the Middle East and it came over to the United States, likely through a mosquito, or a bird, or a person who was infected. And we had a few cases for the first couple of years and then we had an outbreak a couple of years after it arrived and now, it’s endemic at a low level in the United States. It isn’t a major public health threat, but it is enough of an issue that we get enough cases each year and that’s the reason why we have to have good mosquito control. We tried to make a vaccine³, and would have made a vaccine, for West Nile years ago, but we couldn’t find a pharmaceutical⁶ company that was interested in partnering with us.”

Today, another virus spread by mosquitoes, the Zika virus, is an issue of concern to the world. Zika outbreaks are currently happening in many countries and territories.The mosquitoes that can spread Zika live in many parts of the world, including parts of the United States. Fauci says pregnant women should be especially careful.

“What people need to understand about Zika is it’s important to protect pregnant women. It is likely that Zika was in Africa and in Southeast Asia for decades and decades before we had the first recognized outbreak. In the United States, we have close to 700 already travel-related cases. We’ve had local outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya in Florida and in Texas and we’ve been able to successfully contain it. I believe we need to do the same thing, and will do the same thing, with Zika.”

The development of a vaccine for Zika is already underway at NIAID. Dr. Fauci says a DNA⁷ vaccine for Zika could be ready for testing by September.

Fauci will tell you he is a proud workaholic. That means he enjoys working a lot. He works 7 days a week. He says there are many difficult problems in his work. However, just as important as his job, is his health. He is a devoted⁸ runner. Fauci has run several marathons and many 10-kilometer races. He also makes sure that, every day, he does something related to exercise.

Fauci hopes that one day it will become possible to eliminate controllable infectious diseases.

“I want to see the elimination⁹ of polio. I want to see HIV no longer be an epidemic¹⁰ and pandemic, as we know it. I want to see an era of the end of AIDS. I don’t think we’ll ever be able to completely eliminate infectious disease, that’s unreasonable¹¹. But we can do a lot more to alleviate¹² the suffering associated with infectious diseases.”

Words In This Story

tenure – n. the amount of time that a person holds a job or office

global – adj. involving the entire world?

outbreak –? n. a sudden start or increase of fighting or disease

endemic –? adj. growing or existing in a certain place or region

pharmaceutical –? adj. of or relating to the production and sale of drugs and medicine

devoted – adj. having strong love or loyalty¹³ for something or someone?

marathon – n. a 42 kilometer race for runners

eliminate – v. to remove something or someone

epidemic – n. an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people

pandemic - n. an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people over a wide area or throughout the world

era – n. a period of time that is associated with a particular quality, event, person, etc.

alleviate – v. to reduce the pain or trouble of (something) : to make (something) less painful, difficult, or severe

1 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

2 tenure   

n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期

参考例句：

• He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
• Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

6 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

7 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

8 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

9 elimination   

n.排除，消除，消灭

参考例句：

• Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
• I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。

10 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

11 unreasonable   

adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的

参考例句：

• I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
• They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。

12 alleviate   

v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)

参考例句：

• The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

13 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。