VOA慢速英语2021--2020年森林损失再次增加

Forest Losses Increased Again in 2020

The World Resources Institute (WRI) says the world lost 4.2 million hectares of forest land in 2020.

The total area affected¹ would be about the size of The Netherlands.

The loss of forest in 2020 was a 12 percent increase over 2019.

How deforestation affects climate

Climate change both causes forest loss, or deforestation, and is caused by deforestation. Scientists warn that climate change creates hotter and drier climates. As a result, forests are more vulnerable to fire and damaging insects. Plants are also important because they absorb carbon emissions² that are blamed for causing climate change.

Rod Taylor is head of WRI's forest program. He said forests hold large amounts of carbon. Taylor said losing them has "irreversible" effects on biodiversity and the climate.

The International Monetary³ Fund estimates that the world economy shrank by 3.5 percent in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. But, deforestation continued to increase. The WRI says this was likely because lockdowns limited governments' ability to enforce laws against forest loss. People may have also moved out of cities into rural areas.

However, the strongest effects of COVID-19 on forest loss are probably still to come. WRI researcher Frances Seymour said: "It's likely that governments will try to restart their economies on the backs of forests."

Areas near the Earth's equator lost a total of 12.2 million hectares of forest in 2020. The loss released emissions equal to 570 million cars. That is more than two times the number of cars on the road in the United States.

Brazil saw the largest decrease in forests. The 1.7 million hectares lost was a 25 percent increase from the previous year. The decline was more than three times higher than the next-highest country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Gains in Indonesia

There was some good news. Indonesia slowed its rate of deforestation by 17 percent in 2020.

Palm oil, a vegetable oil, is a leading driver of deforestation. Last year, the price of palm oil decreased, possibly affecting deforestation in Indonesia.

In addition, experts say the Indonesian government passed laws that are preventing forest loss after damaging fires in 2015. Those rules include fire prevention measures, restrictions⁴ on new palm oil farms and reforms aimed at reducing poverty. But experts are concerned now that the price of palm oil is starting to rise again.

"The next two to three years would be the real test" if Indonesia can continue reducing deforestation, said Andika Putraditama, who works with WRI in Indonesia.

WRI experts say that climate change is killing⁵ forests in many different ways.

In Europe, hot, dry weather in 2019 and 2020 led to more insect damage in Germany and the Czech Republic. Forest losses increased 200 percent in the two countries from 2018.

In Russia, a hot spring and summer led to forest fires in Siberia.

Extreme heat and drought in Australia is blamed for damaging fires there in 2019 and 2020.

The world is stuck in a "vicious cycle," Seymour said. Global warming leads to dry forests, forest fires and insect damage.

Seymour added: "Nature has been whispering this risk to us for a long time. But now she is shouting."

Words in This Story

vulnerable- adj. easily hurt or harmed physically⁶, mentally, or emotionally

absorb- v. -to take in a natural or gradual way

emissions –n. (often pl.) gasses released from processes like burning fuel

biodiversity –n. the existence of many different kinds of plants and animals in an environment

lockdown –n. an emergency measure of keeping people in a secure place to avoid or prevent danger

irreversible- adj. impossible to change back to a previous condition or state

drought- n.- a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain

vicious- adj.- very violent and cruel

cycle –n. a set of events or actions that happen again and again

whisper- v.- to speak very softly or quietly

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

3 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

4 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

5 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

6 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。