VOA慢速英语2021 塔利班在阿富汗北部攻城略地 当地居民逃离

Taliban fighters are gaining control of many areas in northern Afghanistan causing families to flee.

塔利班开始控制阿富汗北部的许多地区，导致家庭逃离。

The areas are home to many ethnic¹ minorities. Thousands of families are crowding into camps because they fear living under the Taliban's rule.

这些地区是众多少数民族的家园。成千上万的家庭因为害怕生活在塔利班的统治下而涌入难民营。

Afghanistan's Refugee and Repatriations Ministry² said, during a recent two-week period, 5,600 families fled their homes. Most were from the northern part of the country.

阿富汗难民和遣返部表示，最近两周内有5600个家庭逃离家园。他们大多数都来自于该国北部。

Outside the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif is Camp Istiqlal where 50 families live in difficult conditions. The temperature can reach 44 degrees Celsius³. And there is one bathroom, a hole in the ground, for the whole camp.

北部城市马扎里沙里夫郊外就是伊斯蒂克拉尔难民营，那里有50个家庭生活在艰苦的状况下。气温可达44摄氏度。那里有一个浴室，地上有一个洞，供整个营地使用。

Many families told of how the Taliban took their towns and villages. Even after promises and negotiations⁵, there is doubt that the Taliban will not repeat their severe rule of the past.

许多家庭讲述了塔利班如何占领了他们的城镇和村庄。即使是在承诺和谈判之后，人们还是怀疑塔利班将会重复他们过去的严厉统治。

Yaqub Maradi fled his village when the Taliban arrived. He said they tried to intimidate⁶ villagers into staying. Maradi's brother and other family members were arrested and, "held hostage to stop them from leaving," he said.

当塔利班到达时，雅各布·马拉迪逃离了他的村庄。他说他们试图恐吓村民要留下来。马拉迪的兄弟和其他家庭成员被抓，并被扣为人质以阻止他们离开。

Maradi continued, "Maybe he is released today, but he cannot leave."

马拉迪还说：“也许他今天被释放了，但是没法离开。

The Taliban have enforced their own taxes in areas they control. Ashor Ali is a truck driver. He told The Associated Press he pays the Taliban $147, or half of what he makes, for each load of coal that he takes across the border of a province.

塔利班已经在他们控制的地区强制征税。亚述·阿里是一名卡车司机。他对美联社表示，他跨省运煤每趟要给塔利班缴纳147元美元或是一半的收入。

The group is promising⁷ Afghans, including minorities, that they have nothing to fear. Taliban negotiators are attending international conferences. They send their former ministers to Afghanistan from Qatar, where they have a political office. The Taliban's leadership council has its headquarters in Pakistan.

该组织向包括少数民族在内的阿富汗人承诺，他们无需担心。塔利班谈判代表正在参加国际会议。他们将前任部长从卡塔尔派到阿富汗，他们在卡塔尔有一个政治办公室。塔利班领导委员会的总部设在巴基斯坦。

The group still requires Islamic rule. It said its methods and beliefs are less severe than before. But fleeing local people said it seems many Taliban commanders either have not gotten the message or are not listening.

该组织仍然要求实施伊斯兰统治。它称其统治方式和理念不像以前那么严厉。但是正在逃离的当地人表示，似乎很多塔利班指挥官要么没有收到这个消息，要么就是不听命。

In February 2020, the Taliban signed an agreement with the United States. It reportedly prevents the rebel group from capturing provincial⁸ capitals. But Kandahar in the south and Badghis in the north, are facing attack.

2020年2月，塔利班和美国签署协议。据报道，协议阻止这家叛乱组织夺取省会。但是南部的坎大哈和北部的巴德吉斯正面临攻击。

People in Afghanistan's capital Kabul also fear a Taliban attack. The Interior Ministry said this month that a rocket defense⁹ system has been built to protect the city. But the statement offered no details about where it came from or what it cost.

阿富汗首都喀布尔的人们也害怕塔利班发动袭击。阿富汗内政部表示，已经打造了一个火箭防御系统来保护这座城市。但是该声明没有提供该系统的来源或是花费的详细信息。

The United States, Russia, China and Pakistan have all warned the Taliban against trying to gain a military victory. They warn they will be international pariahs¹⁰, or rejected by other countries.

美国、俄罗斯、中国和巴基斯坦都警告塔利班不要试图军事夺权。他们警告说，他们将成为国际弃儿，或是被其它国家抛弃。

Taliban leaders promised they are not doing this. But their negotiators boasted of their gains in recent meetings in Iran and Russia.

塔利班领导人承诺他们不会这样做。但他们的谈判代表最近在伊朗和俄罗斯举行的回忆上吹嘘了他们的收获。

The group blames the Afghan government for not restarting talks aimed at including leaders from both sides of the conflict.

该组织指责阿富汗政府没有重启包含冲突双方领导人参与的谈判。

Suhail Shaheen is the Taliban's political spokesman and a member of its negotiation⁴ team. He told AP that he waited for a high-level delegation¹² from Kabul to come to Doha for talks three times. They never came, he said.

苏海尔·沙欣是塔利班的政治发言人，也是其谈判团队的成员。他对美联社表示，他三度等待喀布尔高级代表团来多哈会谈。他说他们一直没来。

The government delegation was to include several officials and leaders. Former President Hamid Karzai, National Reconciliation¹³ Council chief Abdullah Abdullah, and local commander Ata Mohammad Noor were to attend.

政府代表团原本会包含几位官员和领导人。前总统米德·卡尔扎伊、民族和解委员会主席阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉以及当地指挥官阿塔·穆罕默德·努尔本将出席。

Afghan officials who knew of the planned meetings confirmed they aimed to travel to Doha. But they said President Ashraf Ghani has been unwilling¹⁴, often blocking efforts. The officials spoke¹¹ to reporter on the condition that they remain unidentified.

对这些计划会议知情的阿富汗官员证实他们打算前往多哈。但是他们表示，阿什拉夫·加尼总统一直不情愿，经常阻扰这种努力。这位官员接受了记者采访，前提是要保持匿名。

Last week, U.S. President Joe Biden urged Afghanistan's leaders to find common ground. He said it was up to Afghans to bring an end to many years of war. Ninety percent of the U.S. and NATO military withdrawal¹⁵ has been completed and General Scott Miller¹⁶ has left his command.

上周，美国总统拜登督促阿富汗领导人寻求共同立场。他说，结束多年战乱要靠阿富汗人。美国和北约军队的撤军已经完成了90%，斯科特·米勒将军也已经放下了指挥权。

1 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

2 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

3 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

4 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

5 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

6 intimidate   

vt.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• You think you can intimidate people into doing what you want?你以为你可以威胁别人做任何事？
• The first strike capacity is intended mainly to intimidate adversary.第一次攻击的武力主要是用来吓阻敌方的。

7 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

8 provincial   

adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
• Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

9 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

10 pariahs   

n.被社会遗弃者( pariah的名词复数 )；贱民

参考例句：

• Despite the trading frenzy, Fannie and Freddie have become pariahs. 尽管他们仍旧被疯狂的交易着，但是两房已经沦为末流。 来自互联网
• This effect remains until the Pariahs are eliminated. 直到贱民的这一个效果残余物被除去。 来自互联网

11 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

12 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

13 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

14 unwilling   

adj.不情愿的

参考例句：

• The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
• His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

15 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

16 miller   

n.磨坊主

参考例句：

• Every miller draws water to his own mill.磨坊主都往自己磨里注水。
• The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子。