VOA健康报道2022 美国限制强生新冠疫苗的使用

American health officials have placed strong restrictions¹ on the use of Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine². The treatment carries a risk of rare but serious blood clots⁴.

美国卫生官员对强生公司的新冠疫苗施加了严格的限制。接种该疫苗有可能发生罕见但严重的血栓风险。

The United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, said the J&J shot should only be given to adults who cannot or will not accept a different COVID vaccine. U.S. health officials have suggested for months that Americans get Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna shots instead of J&J's vaccine.

美国食品和药品管理局表示，强生疫苗应该仅提供给不能或不愿接种其它新冠疫苗的成年人使用。几个月来，美国卫生官员一直建议美国人接种辉瑞或莫德纳的疫苗，而不是强生疫苗。

FDA vaccine chief Dr. Peter Marks said the agency acted after examining the data on the risk of life-threatening blood clots. The FDA found that the risk is limited to J&J's shot in the first two weeks after vaccination⁵.

美国食品和药品管理局负责人彼得·马克斯表示，该机构在检查了有关致命血栓风险的数据后采取了行动。美国食品和药品管理局发现风险仅限于接种强生疫苗的前两周时间内。

"So if you had the vaccine six months ago you can sleep soundly tonight knowing this isn't an issue," Marks said.

马克斯表示：“因此如果你在六个月前接种了这种疫苗，你就会知道这不成问题，今晚可以睡个好觉。”

"But," he added, "compared to no vaccine-- this is still a better option."

他还表示：“但是跟不打疫苗相比，接种强生疫苗仍然是一个更好的选择。”

The FDA approved J&J's shot in February last year for adults. The vaccine was considered an important tool in fighting the pandemic because it required only one shot. But the single-shot vaccine proved less effective than those from Pfizer and Moderna.

美国食品和药品管理局于去年2月批准了强生公司的疫苗用于成人。这种疫苗被认为是抗击大流行的重要工具，因为它只需要接种一针。但是事实证明，这种单针疫苗的效果不如辉瑞和莫德纳的疫苗。

In December, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested Moderna and Pfizer shots over J&J's because of its safety issues.

去年12月，美国疾控预防中心建议接种莫德纳和辉瑞疫苗，而不是强生疫苗，因为它存在安全隐患。

As of mid-March, federal scientists had identified 60 cases of the side effect, including nine that resulted in death. That amounts to 3.23 blood clot³ cases per 1 million J&J shots. The problem is more common in women under 50, where the death rate was around 1 in one million shots, Marks said.

截至3月中旬，联邦科学家已经确定了60例副作用，其中9例导致死亡。这相当于每100万剂强生疫苗出现3.23例血栓病例。马克斯表示，这个问题在50岁以下女性中更为常见，她们的死亡率约为百万分之一。

The J&J COVID vaccine will carry a warning about possible "long-term and debilitating⁶ health consequences" of the side effect.

强生新冠疫苗将对可能产生“长期和使人衰弱的健康后果”这种副作用提出警告。

Under the new FDA orders, J&J's vaccine could still be given to people who had bad reactions to the other COVID vaccines⁷. J&J's shot could also be given to people who refuse to receive the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna.

根据美国食品和药品管理局的新命令，强生疫苗仍然可以用于对其它新冠疫苗有不良反应的人士。强生疫苗也可用于拒绝接种辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗的人士。

A J&J spokesman said in an emailed statement: "Data continue to support a favorable benefit-risk profile for the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine in adults when compared with no vaccine."

强生公司发言人在一封电子邮件中表示：“与未接种疫苗相比，数据继续支持强生疫苗在成年人当中的有利效益风险状况。”

The blood clot problems were first reported last spring, with the J&J shot in the U.S. and with an AstraZeneca vaccine used elsewhere. At that time, U.S. health officials decided⁸ the benefit of J&J's vaccine outweighed⁹ what was considered a very rare risk.

血栓问题最早是在去年春天报道出来的，包括在美国接种的强生疫苗和其它地方接种的阿斯利康疫苗。当时，美国卫生官员认为强生疫苗的效益超过了被认为属于罕见的风险。

Symptoms of the rare blood clots include severe headaches, a week or two after the J&J vaccination, as well as stomach pain and nausea¹⁰.

罕见血栓的症状包括接种强生疫苗一两个星期内的剧烈头痛、以及胃痛和恶心。

Pfizer and Moderna have provided a large majority of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. More than 200 million Americans have been fully¹¹ vaccinated¹² with the companies' two-shot vaccines while less than 17 million Americans got the J&J shot.

辉瑞和莫德纳在美国提供了大部分的新冠疫苗。超过2亿美国人已经完全接种了这两家公司的两针疫苗，而只有不到1700万美国人接种了强生疫苗。

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

4 clots   

n.凝块( clot的名词复数 )；血块；蠢人；傻瓜v.凝固( clot的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• When you cut yourself, blood clots and forms a scab. 你割破了，血会凝固、结痂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Milk clots when it turns sour. 奶变酸就凝块。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

6 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

7 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 outweighed   

v.在重量上超过( outweigh的过去式和过去分词 )；在重要性或价值方面超过

参考例句：

• This boxer outweighed by his opponent 20 pounds. 这个拳击选手体重比他的对手重20磅。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She outweighed me by ten pounds, and sometimes she knocked me down. 她的体重超过我十磅，有时竟把我撞倒。 来自百科语句

10 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

11 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

12 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？