VOA今日美国2023 美国得州达拉斯枪手是极端右翼分子?

Mauricio Garcia killed eight people and hurt many others when he shot into the car parking area outside a shopping center near Dallas, Texas on Saturday.

周六，毛里西奥·加西亚在得克萨斯州达拉斯市附近一家购物中心外的停车场开枪，造成8人死亡，多人受伤。

News reports say Garcia showed signs of extremism and had permanent pictures and letters painted on his skin.

新闻报道称，加西亚表现出极端主义的迹象，他的皮肤上画有永久性的图像和字母。

These images are called tattoos¹.

这些图像被称为纹身。

He also wore the letters "RWDS" on a part of his clothing.

他还在衣服上贴上了“RWDS”的字样。

The tattoos are described as "Nazi²."

这些纹身被描述为“纳粹”。

The term comes from the name of the party that controlled Germany under Adolf Hitler in the 1930s and 40s and is linked with racial hatred³ and violence.

这个词来自20世纪30年代和40年代在阿道夫·希特勒领导下控制德国的政党的名字，这个词与种族仇恨和暴力有关。

Reports say Garcia put information online suggesting that he was interested in Nazi images and white supremacist ideas.

报道称，加西亚在网上发布的信息表明，他对纳粹图像和白人至上主义思想感兴趣。

But many people might not know what the letters "RWDS" mean.

但很多人可能不知道“RWDS”是什么意思。

The Associated Press recently reported on the meaning of the letters, or acronym⁴.

美联社最近报道了这些字母（即首字母缩略词）的含义。

Extremism experts say RWDS stands for "right wing death squad⁵."

极端主义专家称，RWDS表示“右翼敢死队”。

Oren Segal is vice⁶ president of the Center on Extremism at the Anti-Defamation League, a nonprofit group based in New York City.

奥伦·西格尔是总部设在纽约市的非营利组织反诽谤联盟极端主义中心的副主席。

The group fights antisemitism, extremism and hate.

该组织与反犹太主义、极端主义和仇恨作斗争。

Segal said the term first appeared in the 1970s and 1980s when people were describing paramilitary groups that killed the political opponents of dictators⁷ in Central and South America.

西格尔表示，这个词最早出现在20世纪70年代和80年代，当时人们用来形容在中美洲和南美洲杀害独裁者政治对手的准军事组织。

The term reappeared about 10 years ago when extreme American groups of the political right started to use RWDS to express their opposition⁸ to the extreme political left "more broadly," Segal said.

西格尔表示，大约10年前，当美国极右翼政治组织开始“更广泛地”使用RWDS表达他们对极左翼政治组织的反对时，这个词再次出现。

Heidi Beirich is co-founder of the group Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, a nonprofit based in Montgomery, Alabama.

海蒂·贝里奇是总部设在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利的非营利性组织全球反对仇恨和极端主义组织的联合创始人。

She said the group in the U.S. called the Proud Boys started using the letters most often.

她说，美国一个名为“骄傲男孩”的组织开始最频繁地使用这些字母。

Photos of Proud Boys leaders have shown them wearing the letters.

“骄傲男孩”领袖的照片显示他们身上戴着这些字母。

But the Anti-Defamation League said the Proud Boys are not the only ones to wear the RWDS letters.

但反诽谤联盟表示，“骄傲男孩”并不是唯一一个佩戴RWDS的组织。

Some people were wearing them in Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017.

2017年，弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔的一些人身上戴着这些字母。

In August of that year, a white pride rally⁹ turned violent, and one woman was killed.

同年8月，一场白人武装组织“骄傲男孩”集会演变成暴力事件，一名妇女被杀。

The New York Times newspaper said social media service Facebook banned groups that used the RWDS acronym after the death in Charlottesville.

《纽约时报》称，在夏洛茨维尔杀人案发生后，社交媒体平台脸书禁止使用RWDS首字母缩略词的群组。

But one expert said the letters and the phrase "right wing death squad" are being used more often.

但一位专家表示，这些字母和短语“右翼敢死队”的使用频率越来越高。

Jon Lewis is a researcher for the Program on Extremism at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

乔恩·刘易斯是华盛顿特区乔治·华盛顿大学极端主义项目的研究员。

He called the letters "a rallying¹⁰ cry" and said they "cut across and far beyond any individual group."

他称这些字母是“战斗口号”，并称它们“跨越并远远超越了任何个人团体”。

Lewis said the groups look favorably on dictators such as Chile's Augusto Pinochet who died in 2006.

刘易斯说，这些组织对2006年去世的智利前总统奥古斯托·皮诺切特等独裁者抱有好感。

He said the groups want to use the powers of government to carry out "violent genocide" against opponents.

他说，这些组织想要利用政府的权力对反对者进行“暴力种族灭绝”。

One professor said that people who wear symbols and acronyms¹¹ like RWDS do not always know what they mean and where they come from.

一位教授表示，戴着诸如RWDS之类符号和缩略语的人并不总是知道它们的意思和来源。

Cynthia Miller-Idriss is director of American University's Polarization and Extremism Research and Innovation¹² Lab in Washington, D.C.

辛西娅·米勒·伊德里斯是位于华盛顿的美利坚大学两极分化和极端主义研究与创新实验室的主任。

She said something like RWDS spreads on social media.

她说，诸如RWDS之类的词语在社交媒体上传播。

While "nobody is accidentally going to have a 'Right Wing Death Squad' patch," she said, "they don't always know exactly" what it means.

她说，虽然“没有人会不小心戴上‘右翼敢死队’的徽章，但他们并不总是确切地知道”它的意思。

People might wonder why a person named Mauricio Garcia, who was Hispanic, would support white supremacist ideas.

人们可能会想知道，为什么一个名叫毛里西奥·加西亚的西班牙裔人会支持白人至上主义的观点。

Enrique Tarrio, a former Proud Boys leader, is Cuban-American.

前“骄傲男孩”领袖恩里克·塔里奥是古巴裔美国人。

Miller-Idriss said people who do not consider themselves to be white can still be interested in white supremacist ideas.

米勒-伊德里斯说，那些不认为自己是白人的人仍然可能会对白人至上主义思想感兴趣。

She said it is the same for women who support "male supremacist movements."

她说，就像支持“男性至上主义运动”的女性一样。

Tanya Hernandez is a professor at Fordham University in New York City.

坦尼娅·埃尔南德斯是纽约市福特汉姆大学的教授。

She wrote a book about Latinos who have unfair ideas about Black people.

她写了一本关于拉丁裔对黑人有不公平看法的书。

She said Latinos are often seen as "unwanted others" in American society.

她说，在美国社会中，拉丁裔经常被视为“不受欢迎的人”。

But they want to find a way to fit in.

但他们想要找到一种融入美国社会的方式。

So, Hernandez said, "what better way to make a claim…than to be part of the enforcement, the policing of whiteness within a white supremacist hate group?"

因此，埃尔南德斯说，“还有比参与执法，监督白人至上主义仇恨组织中的白人更好的方式来提出要求呢？”

I'm Caty Weaver¹³. And I'm Dan Friedell.

凯蒂·韦弗、丹·弗里德尔为您共同播报。

1 tattoos   

n.文身( tattoo的名词复数 )；归营鼓；军队夜间表演操；连续有节奏的敲击声v.刺青，文身( tattoo的第三人称单数 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击

参考例句：

• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的胳膊上刺满了花纹。
• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的双臂刺满了纹身。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

3 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

4 acronym   

n.首字母简略词，简称

参考例句：

• That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说，这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
• TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理，储存和处置设施的一个缩写。

5 squad   

n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组

参考例句：

• The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
• A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。

6 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

7 dictators   

独裁者( dictator的名词复数 )； 专制者； 发号施令者； 专横的人

参考例句：

• These dictators have entrenched themselves politically and are difficult to move. 这些独裁者在政治上已经站稳了脚跟，很难推翻他们。
• Almost all of the countries in Latin America were controlled by dictators. 当时几乎所有的拉丁美洲国家都由独裁者统治。

8 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

9 rally   

n.集会，公路汽车赛；v.集合，恢复，振作

参考例句：

• The grand mass rally was held on the square.广场上举行了盛大的群众集会。
• The team captain vainly tried to rally his troops.队长试图振作部队的士气，但没有成功。

10 rallying   

恢复( rally的现在分词 )； 价格回升； 集合起来； 嘲笑

参考例句：

• Sometimes the rallying cry is'save the Tomb of Christ from the Heathen!' 有时喊的口号是'把基督的坟墓从异教徒手中夺回来！
• Shaocheng Park was the rallying place. 少城公园是学生们临时集合的地点。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）

11 acronyms   

n.首字母缩略词( acronym的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Scratch the subject of defence and acronyms, abbreviations, and buzzwords fly out. 话题触及国防，缩合字，缩写字和行话就满天飞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some acronyms as scientific terminology are used as a lexical item. 一些科学术语缩写用作词汇项目。 来自互联网

12 innovation   

n.改革，革新，新观念，新方法，新发明

参考例句：

• There are all sorts of possibilities for technical innovation.技术革新的门道很多。
• An enterprise should encourage innovation.企业应鼓励创新。

13 weaver   

n.织布工；编织者

参考例句：

• She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快，而且布的质量很好。
• The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。