VOA今日美国2023 乌克兰水坝坍塌会产生长期影响

The destruction¹ of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine caused widespread flooding and might cause long-term environmental damage.

乌克兰卡霍夫卡大坝遭到破坏，引发大范围洪灾，并可能会造成长期的环境破坏。

The Associated Press described some of the effects on the Dnieper River area recently.

美联社最近描述了该大坝坍塌对第聂伯河地区的一些影响。

Here is what the AP found:

以下是美联社的调查结果：

There are six dams along the Dnieper River.

第聂伯河沿岸有六座水坝。

They were designed to operate together, so that water levels would remain more or less the same throughout the year.

它们被设计成一起运转，因此全年的水位就会保持大致相同。

When Russian forces seized the Kakhovka Dam, the system fell into disrepair.

当俄罗斯军队占领卡霍夫卡大坝时，该系统年久失修。

Whether done on purpose or carelessly, the Russian forces permitted water levels to rise and fall uncontrolled.

无论是有意还是无意，俄罗斯军队任由水位不受控制地起伏。

They dropped dangerously low in winter and rose very high when snow melted, and spring rains filled the reservoir².

冬天，水位降得很低，而当积雪融化，春雨灌满水库时，水位又涨得很高。

Since the dam's collapse³, the running waters have unburied landmines⁴, destroyed weapons and ammunition⁵, and carried 150 tons of machine oil to the Black Sea.

自大坝坍塌以来，流水冲刷出地雷，销毁了武器弹药，并将150吨机油带到了黑海。

Whole towns were underwater, and thousands of animals died in a large national park now under Russian occupation.

整个城镇都被淹没了，目前被俄罗斯占领的一个大型国家公园里有数千只动物死亡。

Oil can be seen on the water around flooded Kherson, the capital of southern Ukraine's province of the same name.

在被洪水淹没的乌克兰南部同名省的首府赫尔松附近的水面上可以看到石油。

Homes smell of rot as cars, first-floor rooms, and underground floors remain underwater.

房子里散发着腐烂的气味，汽车、一楼的房间和底层仍然被淹没在水下。

Large oil slicks can be seen across the river from the city's port and industrial buildings, creating a new pollution problem for the Dnieper.

从该市的港口和工业建筑可以看到河对岸的大量浮油，这给第聂伯河带来了新的污染问题。

Ukraine's Agriculture Ministry⁶ estimated⁷ 10,000 hectares of farmland were underwater in the territory of Kherson province controlled by Ukraine.

乌克兰农业部估计，在乌克兰控制的赫尔松省有1万公顷农田被淹没。

It said, "many times more than that" in territory occupied by Russia.

乌克兰农业部表示，在俄罗斯占领的领土上，“比这个数字多出许多倍”。

Farmers are already having problems.

农民已经遇到了问题。

Dmytro Neveselyi, mayor⁸ of Maryinske village, said everyone in the community of 18,000 people will be affected⁹.

Maryinske村村长Dmytro Neveselyi表示，这个拥有1.8万人的社区里的每个人都将会受到影响。

"Today and tomorrow, we'll be able to provide the population with drinking water," he said.

他说：“今天和明天，我们将能够为人们提供饮用水”。

"After that, who knows. The canal that supplied our water reservoir has also stopped flowing."

“之后，谁知道呢。为我们的水库供水的运河也停流了。”

The water level began to decrease on Friday, showing the environmental damage.

水位从周五开始下降，显示出对环境的破坏。

The reservoir could hold 18 cubic kilometers of water.

该水库可容纳18立方千米的水。

The Kakhovka Dam was the last along hundreds of kilometers of the Dnieper River that passed through Ukraine's main industrial and agricultural areas.

卡霍夫卡大坝是流经乌克兰主要工农业区的数百公里长的第聂伯河上的最后一座大坝。

For many years, the Dnieper carried water containing industrial and agricultural chemicals which settled in the soil at the bottom of the reservoir.

多年来，第聂伯河里的水含有工业和农业化学物质，这些化学物质沉淀在水库底部的土壤中。

Ukrainian officials are testing the soil for poisonous substances.

乌克兰官员正在检测土壤中的有毒物质。

It risks turning into poisonous dust with the arrival of summer, said Eugene Simonov.

尤金·西蒙诺夫说，随着夏天的到来，它有可能会变成有毒的灰尘。

He is an environmental scientist with the Ukraine War Environmental Consequences Working Group, a non-profit organization of environmental activists¹⁰ and researchers.

他是乌克兰战争环境后果工作组的一名环境科学家，该工作组是一个由环保活动人士和研究人员组成的非营利性组织。

The amount of long-term damage depends on the movement of the front lines in an unpredictable war.

长期损害的程度取决于在一场不可预测的战争中前线的动向。

It is unclear if the dam and reservoir can be brought back or if the land will become what it once was.

目前还不清楚大坝和水库能否恢复，也不清楚这片土地是否会恢复原状。

Kateryna Filiuta is an expert in protected environments for the Ukraine Nature Conservation Group.

卡捷琳娜·菲利乌塔是乌克兰自然保护组织的环境保护专家。

She said it will take 10 years for the plant and animal populations to return and adjust to the new environment, and possibly longer for the Ukrainians who live there.

她说，动植物种群需要10年的时间才能回归并适应新环境，而居住在那里的乌克兰人可能需要更长的时间。

In Maryinske, a farming community, people are going through records to find old water sources.

在农业社区Maryinske，人们正在查阅记录，以寻找古老的水源。

"Because a territory without water will become a desert," the mayor said.

市长说：“因为没有水的地方将会变成沙漠”。

All of Ukraine will have to think about either rebuilding the reservoir or thinking differently about the area, its water supply and its plants and animals.

所有乌克兰人将不得不考虑要么重建水库，要么以不同的方式考虑该地区、供水和动植物。

Filiuta said, "The worst consequences will probably not affect us directly, not me, not you, but rather our future generations, because this man-made disaster is not transparent¹¹."

菲利乌塔说：“最糟糕的后果可能不会直接影响我们，不是我，不是你，而是我们的子孙后代，因为这场人为灾难不是透明的。

I'm Gregory Stachel.

格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。

1 destruction   

n.破坏，毁灭，消灭

参考例句：

• The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。
• Overconfidence was his destruction.自负是他垮台的原因。

2 reservoir   

n.水库，蓄水池；(人才等的)储藏，汇集

参考例句：

• The town is supplied with water from a reservoir.该城镇由小山中的一座水库供水。
• A large quantity of water is stored in the reservoir.水库存了大量的水。

3 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 landmines   

潜在的冲突； 地雷，投伞水雷( landmine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The treaty bans the use production and trade of landmines. 该条约规定，禁止使用地雷相关产品及贸易。
• One of the weapon's of special concern was landmines. 在引起人们特别关注的武器中就有地雷。

5 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

7 estimated   

adj．根据估计的

参考例句：

• She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
• The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。

8 mayor   

n.市长

参考例句：

• The new mayor said he would clean the city up.新市长说，他要整顿本市。
• The mayor hurried into his office,brushing off the reporters.市长赶快走进办公室，拒不接见记者。

9 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

10 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。