VOA新闻杂志2023 乌克兰南部大坝溃坝导致洪灾

Officials on Wednesday brought drinking water and supplies to areas flooded by the collapse¹ of the Kakhovka dam in southern Ukraine.

周三，乌克兰南部卡霍夫卡大坝坍塌，有关官员向洪水淹没区提供了饮用水和补给品。

The dam collapsed² on Tuesday, causing thousands of people on both sides of the Dnieper River to flee their homes.

这座大坝在周二坍塌，导致第聂伯河两岸数万人逃离家园。

The river is in the southern Kherson region. It separates Russian and Ukrainian military forces. Ukraine holds the western side, while Russia controls the eastern side. The Russian side is lower and is more likely to be affected³ by flooding.

这条河位于赫尔松南部地区。它将俄罗斯和乌克兰的军队分隔开来。乌克兰控制着西部，而俄罗斯控制着东部。俄罗斯一侧地势较低，更容易受到洪水影响。

Officials say about 3,000 people have left flooded areas on both sides of the river. However, the true size of the disaster is not yet clear. More than 60,000 people live in the affected areas.

官员们说，大约有3000人已经逃离了河两岸的洪水淹没区。然而，这场灾难的确切规模尚不清楚。有6万多人生活在受灾地区。

Officials in Russian-controlled areas said they evacuated⁴ almost 1,300 people. That compared to about 1,700 evacuated on the Ukrainian side where the population is larger.

俄罗斯控制区的官员说，他们疏散了近1300人。相比之下，在人口较多的乌克兰一侧，约有1700人被疏散。

The large dam was built in 1956. It is 30 meters tall and 3.2 kilometers long.

这座大坝建于1956年。它高30米，长3.2公里。

It provides electricity and water for drinking and farming for a huge area of southern Ukraine. It is also an important water supply for the Crimean Peninsula. Russia seized the area in 2014 in a move not recognized by most Western nations.

它为乌克兰南部大片地区提供电力、饮用水和农业用水。它也是克里米亚半岛的重要水源。俄罗斯于2014年占领了该地区，此举未得到大多数西方国家的承认。

The cause of the dam collapse is not clear. Ukrainian officials claim Russian forces blew up the dam. They say the Russians did this to gain militarily in the war. Russia claims Ukraine destroyed the dam to cut off water to Crimea.

大坝坍塌的原因尚不清楚。乌克兰官员声称是俄罗斯军队炸毁了大坝。他们表示，俄罗斯人这样做是为了在战争中获得军事利益。俄罗斯声称，乌克兰摧毁大坝是为了切断通往克里米亚的水源。

The Institute for the Study of War, a Washington, D.C. policy organization, said Russia has "a greater and clearer interest in flooding the lower Dnieper despite the damage to their own prepared defensive⁵ positions."

华盛顿特区政策组织“战争研究所”表示，尽管俄罗斯本方修筑的防御阵地遭到了破坏，但是俄罗斯“对淹没聂伯河下游有着更大、更清晰的利益。”

However, some experts said the dam might have collapsed because of damage from the war. Less work has been done to keep it in good condition, and it has not produced electricity since November. Also, Britain's Ministry⁶ of Defense⁷ said water levels of the Dnieper River and the reservoir behind the dam had been at high levels in recent days.

然而，一些专家表示，大坝可能是由于战争造成的破坏而坍塌。大坝缺少维护，而且该大坝自去年11月以来就一直没有发电。此外，英国国防部表示，第聂伯河和大坝库区水位最近几天一直处于高位。

The Ministry warned that the dam is likely to become weaker over the next few days. It said this could add to the flooding.

英国国防部警告称，大坝在未来几天可能会变得更加脆弱。它表示这可能会加剧洪水。

People in Kherson held tightly⁸ to personal belongings⁹ as they walked through water in the streets or rode in boats. Video on social media showed rescuers carrying people to safety.

赫尔松市民在街上涉水或乘船时紧紧抓住他们的随身物品。社交媒体上的视频显示，救援人员将人们带到了安全地带。

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Ukraine will ask international organizations for help.

乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示，乌克兰将向国际组织寻求帮助。

Wheat prices jumped 2.4 percent after the collapse. Ukraine and Russia are big suppliers of wheat, barley¹⁰, sunflower oil and other food to Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia.

小麦价格在溃坝后上涨了2.4%。乌克兰和俄罗斯是非洲、中东和亚洲部分地区小麦、大麦、葵花籽油和其他食品的主要供应商。

And both sides warned of environmental disaster from polluted waters, partly caused by oil leaking from the dam's machinery¹¹.

俄乌双方都警告说，受污染水域将造成环境灾难，部分原因是由于大坝上机器泄漏的燃油。

1 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

2 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

3 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

4 evacuated   

撤退者的

参考例句：

• Police evacuated nearby buildings. 警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。
• The fireman evacuated the guests from the burning hotel. 消防队员把客人们从燃烧着的旅馆中撤出来。

5 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

7 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

8 tightly   

adv.紧紧地，坚固地，牢固地

参考例句：

• My child holds onto my hand tightly while we cross the street.横穿马路时，孩子紧拉着我的手不放。
• The crowd pressed together so tightly that we could hardly breathe.人群挤在一起，我们几乎喘不过气来。

9 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

10 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

11 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。