空气污染能引发心脏病

43 空气污染能引发心脏病

DATE=7-6-01
TITLE=ENVIRONMENT REPORT - Pollution Linked to Heart Attacks
BYLINE=Cynthia Kirk

（Start at 59" ）This is Bill White with the VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT.
New (1) evidence suggests that (2) air pollution found in many American cities may be linked to (3) heart attacks. Researchers say the risk of heart attacks rises on days with high levels of pollution from cars and industry.
The problem is believed to be caused by (4) particulates² -- very small pieces of a (5) carbon substance called (6) soot³.  Particulates are released by (7) vehicles and factories. Increasing evidence suggests that breathing these (8) particles can be (9) harmful. 
Researchers say changes in the beating of a person's heart may take place after breathing particle pollution. Healthy people may not be affected⁴.  But the effects may be dangerous for older people and people with heart disease. 
Earlier studies have shown that particulates may cause long-term heart disease. The new study is the first to examine short-term effects on the heart.
The latest study was done in (10) Boston, (11) Massachusetts, a city with generally clean air. But researchers say the risks could be greater in cities where pollution levels are higher.  These include (12) Houston, (13) Texas; (14) Los Angeles, (15) California and New York City.
Doctors at the Beth (16) Israel (17) Deaconess Medical Center questioned almost eight-hundred heart attack patients. They found that a person's heart attack risk was sixty-two percent higher on days with the highest levels of air pollution, compared to days when air pollution was low.
Researchers say particle pollution appears to (18) interfere⁵ with the ability of the heart to (19) pump blood. Breathing these particles causes the lungs to release chemicals in the blood that are carried to the heart. The chemicals may interfere with the beating of the heart. The particles also may cause the blood to thicken and (20) restrict the flow of blood to and through the heart.  Studies suggest that people may die quickly after there is an increase in harmful particles in the air.
Particulates may also be dangerous because they may include metals such as (21) iron. But some researchers believe it is the small size of the particles, not what is in them, that causes the harm. 
Experts say particulate¹ pollution may cause about ten-thousand deaths a year in the United States. They say the latest study could be used to (22) urge federal environmental officials to consider stronger air pollution restrictions⁶. 
This VOA Special English Environment Report was written by Cynthia Kirk. This is Bill White.

(1)  evidence [ 5evidEns ] n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象
(2)  air pollution n.空气污染
(3) heart attack n.心脏病发作
(4) particulate [ pE5tikjulit] n.微粒 adj.微粒的
(5) carbon [ 5kB:bEn ] n.[化]碳
(6) soot [ sut ] n.煤烟, 烟灰
(7) vehicle [ 5vi:ikl ] n.交通工具, 车辆
(8) particle [ 5pB:tikl ] n.粒子, 点, 极小量, 微粒
(9) harmful [5hB:mfJl] adj.有害的, 伤害的
(10) Boston [ 5bCstEn ] n.波士顿(美国马萨诸塞州首府)
(11) Massachusetts [ 7mAsE5tFu:sits ] n.麻萨诸塞州
(12) Houston [ 5hju:stEn ] n.休斯顿
(13) Texas [ 5teksEs ] n.德克萨斯州(美国州名)
(14) Los Angeles [lRs5AndVElEs] n.洛杉矶(美国城市)
(15) California [ kAli5fC:njE ] n.加利福尼亚, 加州
(16) Israel [ 5izreiEl ] n.[地名] 以色列
(17) deaconess [di:kE5nes] n.女执事
(18) interfere with 妨碍, 乱动, 干涉, 干扰
(19) pump [ pQmp ] n.泵, 抽水机 vt.(用泵)抽(水), 抽吸
(20) restrict [ ris5trikt ] vt.限制, 约束, 限定
(21) iron [ 5aiEn ] n.铁vt.烫平
(22) urge [ E:dV ] vt.催促, 力劝 v.促进

 

1 particulate   

adj.微小的；n.微粒，粒子

参考例句：

• A special group was organized to dig up the particulate of the case.成立了一个专门小组来查明该案件的各个细节。
• Lungs retain relatively insoluble particulate material.肺脏内留有不溶解的颗粒物质。

2 particulates   

n.微粒，粒子( particulate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Techniques for controlling particulates include filtering, washing, centrifugal separation, and electrostatic precipitation. 控制颗粒污染物的技术包括过滤、洗涤、离心分离、静电沉降。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Only micronic particulates penetrate to the depth of the lung. 只有微细粒子穿透到肺深部。 来自辞典例句

3 soot   

n.煤烟，烟尘；vt.熏以煤烟

参考例句：

• Soot is the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.煤烟是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。
• The chimney was choked with soot.烟囱被煤灰堵塞了。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

6 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制