80 马其顿--另一个巴尔干半岛

80 马其顿--另一个巴尔干半岛

Macedonia: Another Balkan Conflict in the Making?
Laurie Kassman
London
28 Jun 2001 02:18 UTC

Clashes have continued between Macedonian forces and ethnic¹-Albanian 1)guerrillas 2)despite a cease-fire brokered² by NATO on Sunday. Macedonian President Boris Trajkovski is pushing hard for a peaceful settlement. But fears are increasing of another 3)conflict in the Balkans.
Most analysts³ agree the crisis in Macedonia is the result of decades of simmering 4)hostility between the country's Macedonian majority and its ethnic-Albanian 5)minority.
Balkans expert Hans Stark⁴ of the Paris-based International Relations Research Institute says ethnic Albanians are tired of being treated as second-class citizens. They 6)account for one third of the country's population of two million. "For the moment," said Mr. Stark, "they still want to be a part of Macedonia but from their point of view this Macedonia should be a multi-ethnic one based on 7)equality between Macedonians and the Albanians and this is something the Macedonians have some difficulty to understand and to accept. For them, Macedonia is a Slavic state."
Professor Sumantra Bose of the London School of Economics says tensions in Macedonia were fueled by the conflict in neighboring Kosovo and the flood of ethnic-Albanian refugees into Macedonia, which fueled fears that many would stay and tip the 8)demographic balance. "Despite the 9)fragility of the internal relations in Macedonia between the majority and minority populations, the sharp 10)deterioration we've seen this year 2001 has largely been a delayed fallout of the Kosovo episode and the NATO intervention⁵ there in 1999," said Sumantra Bose.
According to professor Bose, NATO's operation in Kosovo also 11)emboldened the ethnic Albanian 12)radicals who now threaten Macedonia's stability. "Whether intentionally⁷ or not, NATO's 13)intervention on behalf of the Albanian majority in Kosovo has had the effect of encouraging the most radical⁶ Albanian elements throughout that region, including in Macedonia. And since KFOR took over the administration of Kosovo in the middle of 1999, two years ago, Kosovo has unfortunately become a base of regional destabilization, a safe haven⁸ in this case for Albanian extremists."
Few experts believe Macedonia's 14)ethnic Albanians want to 15)secede from their state. Most agree what they do want are more civil and political rights. The question for the Macedonian majority is how much.
Mark Thompson is Balkans program director at the Brussels-based International Crisis Group. He says reforming the constitution should aim at preventing the partition of Macedonia. "One problem at the moment is the direction of constitutional reform - which the ethnic Albanian leaders, and to some extent the ethnic Macedonians are pushing, is 16)in favor of making Macedonia a state of two nations, the ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians. In our view this is a 17)recipe for future disaster. The 18)precedence in Croatia and Bosnia make it very clear that this would pave the way for secessionist moves."
Analysts say President Boris Trajkovski's efforts to resolve the crisis through dialogue are being 19)undermined by 20)hard-liners in his own camp who refuse to make any concessions⁹ to the ethnic-Albanian community.
The European Union and NATO are trying to help. The EU has dispatched a special envoy¹⁰ and a legal 21)consultant on constitutional reforms. But NATO's effort earlier this week to remove Albanian guerrillas from a suburb of the capital has undermined its 22)credibility. The action sparked violent protests by those who view all international intervention as secret support for the Albanian minority.
Mr. Thompson says Washington's silence also sends the wrong signal. "Ethnic-Albanian factions¹¹ believe Washington's current 23)stance shows it supports them," he went on to say. "What they say is, look if Washington were against what we're doing, it would clearly come out and say so."
For now the European Union and NATO are 24)scrambling to help Macedonia's leader resolve the crisis. But analysts warn that help may be too late and too discredited¹² to 25)avert yet another civil war in the Balkans.

(1) guerrilla[^E5rIlE]n.游击战, 游击队
(2) despite[dI5spaIt]prep.不管, 尽管, 不论
(3) conflict[5kRnflIkt]n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突
(4) hostility[hR5stIlItI]n.敌意, 恶意,敌对, 对抗
(5) minority[maI5nRrItI; (?@) -5nC:r-]n.少数, 少数民族
(6) account for v.说明, 占, 解决, 得分
(7) equality[i:5kwRlEtI]n.等同性, 同等, 平等
(8) demographic[demE5^rAfIk]adj.人口统计学的
(9) fragility[ frE`dVIlEtI ]n.脆弱, 虚弱
(10) deterioration n.变坏, 退化, 堕落
(11) embolden[Im5bEJldEn]vt.使大胆, 使有胆量, 使勇敢
(12) radical[5rAdIk(E)l]adj.根本的,激进的n.激进分子
(13) intervention[IntE5venF(E)n]n.干涉
(14) ethnic[5eWnIk]adj.人种的, 种族的, 异教徒的
(15) secede[sI5si:d]vi.正式脱离或退出, 分离
(16) in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于
(17) precedence[5presIdEns]n.优先, 居先
(18) recipe[5resIpI]n.处方
(19) undermine[QndE5maIn]v.破坏
(20) hard-liner[`hB:d`laInE(r)]n.不妥协者
(21) consultant[kEn5sQltEnt]n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者
(22) credibility[kredI5bIlItI]n.可信性
(23) stance[stR:ns, stAns]n.姿态
(24) scrambling 不规则性
(25) avert[E5v:t]v.转移

 

1 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

2 brokered   

adj.由权力经纪人安排（或控制）的v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的过去式和过去分词 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排…

参考例句：

• a peace plan brokered by the UN 由联合国出面协商的和平计划
• Your husband brokered the deal to go in, transfrer the assets and get our man out. 你丈夫后来插了一脚，把生意都抢了过去，我们的人也被挤了出来。 来自电影对白

3 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

4 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

5 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

6 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

7 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

8 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

9 concessions   

n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权

参考例句：

• The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工，公司将不得不作出一些让步。
• The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。

10 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

11 factions   

组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
• rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别

12 discredited   

不足信的，不名誉的

参考例句：

• The reactionary authorities are between two fires and have been discredited. 反动当局弄得进退维谷，不得人心。
• Her honour was discredited in the newspapers. 她的名声被报纸败坏了。