ICC Summons 6 Suspects Linked to Kenya’s Post-Election Viol

Judges at the International Criminal Court have issued summonses for the six Kenyans suspected of organizing the country's post-election violence over three years ago.
More than two months after the ICC prosecutor², Luis Moreno-Ocampo, revealed the so-called "Ocampo Six" under investigation³ for crimes against humanity in Kenya, the court's pre-trial chamber⁴ has issued summonses for the suspects to appear at the court for an initial hearing on April 7.
Ocampo's list of suspects includes prominent politicians Henry Kosgey, William Ruto and Uhuru Kenyatta, as well as radio journalist Joshua Arap Sang, head of civil service Francis Muthaura and former police commissioner⁶ Hussein Ali.
More than 1,300 were killed and more than 300,000 were displaced in ethnic⁷ violence that engulfed⁸ Kenya in the wake of the disputed 2007 presidential election.
The six have been accused by the prosecutor of being indirect co-conspirators in the chaos⁹ by financing and organizing the violence. The court decided¹⁰ to bring all six to The Hague, but as ICC officer Fadi El Abdallah explained, the judges of the pre-trial chamber did not agree with Ocampo's assessment¹¹ of Ali or Sang.
"The judges considered that they have reasonable grounds to believe that Mr. Ali and Mr. Sang contributed to the commission the alleged¹² crime, but their participation¹³ was not essential for the commission of the crimes and they did not have the authority to stop it from being committed or to order it or to solicit¹⁴ it," said Abdallah.
Both Ali and Sang could still face charges at the Court, but would not be considered among the most responsible perpetrators targeted by the prosecutor.
The court summonses come in the midst of a Kenyan charm offensive aimed at members of the United Nations Security council in a bid to defer¹⁵ the trial. Vice⁵ President Kalonzo Musyoka is leading a team of government ministers lobbying a one-year deferral¹⁶ so Kenya can try the suspects locally. The Kenyan government argues that judicial¹⁷ reforms envisioned under the new constitution will help make such trials a reality.
In the months since the announcement of the "Ocampo Six", there also has been a very public backlash against the International Criminal Court. After the names were revealed, many Kenyan politicians accused the ICC of an anti-African bias¹⁸ and dismissed it as a colonial institution.
Civil society leaders in Kenya, however, are criticizing the about-face of Kenya's politicians, and many have initiated¹⁹ separate campaigns to support the ICC process. The new chairman of the National Council of Non-Governmental Organizations, Ken¹ Wafula, said the attempt to defer Kenya's case goes against the wishes of the people.
"There is a wrong perception that has been created, that the Kenyan people are calling for a deferral of the ICC cases," said Wafula. "What we want to drive across is that is not true. The majority of the people want the trials at the ICC to continue. They do not want deferral."
Wafula is helping²⁰ direct a petition against the Kenyan ministers' lobbying efforts. He told VOA that, with the support of several Kenyan NGOs, around 800,000 signatures in support of the ICC process had been collected. The group plans to submit the petition to the U.N. Security Council in around two weeks, when it hopes to have more than one million names.

1 ken   

n.视野，知识领域

参考例句：

• Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
• Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.

2 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

3 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

4 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

5 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

6 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

7 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

8 engulfed   

v.吞没，包住( engulf的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was engulfed by a crowd of reporters. 他被一群记者团团围住。
• The little boat was engulfed by the waves. 小船被波浪吞没了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

11 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

12 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

13 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

14 solicit   

vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意)

参考例句：

• Beggars are not allowed to solicit in public places.乞丐不得在公共场所乞讨。
• We should often solicit opinions from the masses.我们应该经常征求群众意见。

15 defer   

vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从

参考例句：

• We wish to defer our decision until next week.我们希望推迟到下星期再作出决定。
• We will defer to whatever the committee decides.我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。

16 deferral   

n.延期，缓役

参考例句：

• It also calls for the deferral of a share of bonuses. 协议还要求一部分奖金延期发放。 来自互联网
• Even implementing the interest-deferral scheme for homeowners has proved inconveniently tricky. 甚至是对房主实行的推迟利息的方案，结果证明也是极不方便的。 来自互联网

17 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

18 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

19 initiated   

n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入

参考例句：

• He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
• The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

20 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。