VOA常速英语2016--英国投资数十亿资金应对俄罗斯在网络安全方面的威胁

Britain Invests Billions in Cybersecurity in Face of Russian Threat 英国投资数十亿资金应对俄罗斯在网络安全方面的威胁

LONDON — 

Britain says it will spend more than $2 billion on cybersecurity and recruit 1,000 more intelligence officers as the country’s intelligence services warn of increasingly aggressive espionage¹ tactics by Moscow, a charge the Kremlin denies.

The $2.3 billion investment is aimed at countering emerging threats to national security. British Chancellor² of the Exchequer³, Philip Hammond, said this week that key infrastructure⁴, such as air traffic control systems and electricity grids⁵, could be targeted by what he called "hostile foreign actors".

这23亿美元投资旨在应对国家安全面临的新兴威胁。英国外交大臣菲利普.哈蒙德本周表示，主要基础设施，比如空中交通控制系统和电网，可能被他口中所谓的“敌对的外国演员”盯上了。

“It is our duty to demonstrate that they cannot act with impunity⁶. So we will not only defend ourselves in cyberspace⁷, we will strike back in kind when we are attacked.”

“我们有责任向大家说明，这些人不可能逍遥法外。因此我们不仅会在网络空间捍卫自己，一旦受到攻击，我们也一定会以牙还牙回敬给他们。”

Hammond did not mention Russia by name.But writing in the Guardian⁸ newspaper the same day,the head of Britain’s domestic intelligence service known as MI5 accused Moscow of increasingly aggressive cyber attacks, espionage, propaganda and subversion⁹.

哈蒙德并没有指名道姓的提到俄罗斯，不过就在当天，《卫报》报道称，英国国内情报机构，又称军情五处（MI5）的负责人指责莫斯科变本加厉地实施网络攻击，并开展间谍、宣传和颠覆活动。

“I think that in MI5 for a very long time they were very consumed with counterterrorism.This has been the absolute No. 1 priority.And it’s taking them a bit of time to get tooled up again to dealing¹⁰ with the threat from Russia.”

“我觉得长期以来，军情五处都从事反恐怖主义的工作，这也绝对是他们任务的重中之重。而如今他们又要整装待发，拿出一点儿时间来应对俄罗斯造成的威胁了。”

Those tools can defend but also act as a deterrent¹¹, argues John Lough of policy institute Chatham House.

在英国皇家国际事务研究所任职的约翰.洛表示，军情五处所采用的方法不仅可以进行防御，还能够起到威慑的作用。

“The challenge for Western countries is to show, if you like,a degree of resolve for dealing with Russia, showing the instruments they have available,showing how in fact those can be sharpened if needed if things were to get worse,for example, in Ukraine or elsewhere on the periphery¹².”

“西方国家面临的挑战，换句话说，就是把自己在应对俄罗斯时所采取的某种程度上的解决办法展示给大家看，亮出他们可用的工具，实际上也就是让大家知道，需要用到他们各自的方法和工具时，这些国家该怎样让这些东西派上用场，比如乌克兰或其周边任何地区事态恶化的时候。”

Critics like Edward Lucas of the Economist¹³ say Britain and the West lack a cohesive¹⁴ policy to counter the Russian threat.

就职于《经济学人》的爱德华.卢卡斯和其他评论家表示，英国和西方各国家在对抗俄罗斯的威胁时，缺少一条统一的政策。

“We need a joined-up response to Putin’s joined-up threat which links money, propaganda, espionage, the use of energy, or subversion, military saber-rattling, all these things.But certainly one of the weakest links is the bankers, lawyers and accountants in the West who help the Russian elite¹⁵ dispose their money in our big financial centers.They should be facing prosecution¹⁶ and extradition¹⁷ to the United States in those prospects¹⁸ of long prison terms.”

“面对普京手法老练的威胁，我们应该有同样成熟的应对策略，普京方面的威胁包括金钱、宣传和间谍活动、能源利用、颠覆活动、军事武力叫嚣等等一系列事情。当然了，在所有联系中最弱的一环要数西方银行家、律师以及会计人员，因为他们还要在我们的大型财政中心为俄罗斯的精英分子管理财富。这些人现在应该正在接受起诉，并被引渡回美国，未来等待着他们的可能就是长期监禁。”

Much of that Russian money passes through banks in London.Lucas, a veteran Moscow correspondent argues this trade must be tackled simultaneously¹⁹ as Britain fends²⁰ off cyber attacks.

而俄罗斯这些资金当中的大部分都是经由伦敦各银行流通出去的。曾驻莫斯科的资深记者卢卡斯称，英国在抵御网络攻击的同时，也应该解决这类交易。

1 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

2 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

3 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

4 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

5 grids   

n.格子( grid的名词复数 )；地图上的坐标方格；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络；（汽车比赛）赛车起跑线

参考例句：

• Typical framed structures are beams, grids, plane and space frames or trusses. 典型构架结构为梁、格栅、平面的和空间的框架或桁架。 来自辞典例句
• The machines deliver trimmed grids for use or stock. 这种机器铸出修整过的板栅，以供使用或储存。 来自辞典例句

6 impunity   

n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除

参考例句：

• You will not escape with impunity.你不可能逃脱惩罚。
• The impunity what compulsory insurance sets does not include escapement.交强险规定的免责范围不包括逃逸。

7 cyberspace   

n.虚拟信息空间，网络空间，计算机化世界

参考例句：

• She travels in cyberspace by sending messages to friends around the world.她利用电子空间给世界各地的朋友们发送信件。
• The teens spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.青少年花费在电脑上的时间比他们和真正的朋友及家人在一起的时间要多。

8 guardian   

n.监护人；守卫者，保护者

参考例句：

• The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。
• The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

9 subversion   

n.颠覆，破坏

参考例句：

• He was arrested in parliament on charges of subversion for organizing the demonstration.他因组织示威活动在议会上被以颠覆破坏罪名逮捕。
• It had a cultural identity relatively immune to subversion from neighboring countries.它的文化同一性使它相对地不易被邻国所颠覆。

10 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

11 deterrent   

n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的

参考例句：

• Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
• I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网，免得鸟歇上去。

12 periphery   

n.(圆体的)外面；周围

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。
• The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

13 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

14 cohesive   

adj.有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的

参考例句：

• She sealed the parcel with cohesive tape.她用粘胶带把包裹封起来。
• The author skillfully fuses these fragments into a cohesive whole.作者将这些片断巧妙地结合成一个连贯的整体。

15 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

16 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

17 extradition   

n.引渡（逃犯）

参考例句：

• The smuggler is in prison tonight,awaiting extradition to Britain.这名走私犯今晚在监狱，等待引渡到英国。
• He began to trouble concerning the extradition laws.他开始费尽心思地去想关于引渡法的问题。

18 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

19 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

20 fends   

v.独立生活，照料自己( fend的第三人称单数 )；挡开，避开

参考例句：