VOA常速英语2016--美国国防官员表示不放弃克里米亚

美国国防官员表示不放弃克里米亚

Nearly two years after Russia's annexation¹ of Crimea, the territory remains² under Russian control, and we are hearing in the east there's an uptick in the fighting in east Ukraine.

俄罗斯吞并克里米亚已将近2年,这个地区现在仍处于俄罗斯人的控制,而我们现在了解到在东部地区，乌克兰东部前线战事有了升级。

We are hearing that from monitors and local commanders.

我们是从监视器及当地指挥官口中了解到这样的信息。

Joining VOA now to discuss this issue is Michael Carpenter,he is the deputy assistant secretary of defense³ with responsibilities for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia.

现在加入美国之音讨论这个问题是迈克尔·卡朋特, 他是负责俄罗斯、乌克兰及欧亚大陆事务的国防部副助理。

Thank you for joining the VOA with that.Glad to be here.

感谢你作客美国之音讨论这个问题。很高兴来到这里。

Let's start with the European Reassurance⁴ Initiative.

我们首先从欧洲安全保证倡议开始。

This was started in June of 2014, a few months after the annexation of Crimea.

它是在2014年6月开始,克里米亚被吞并几个月后。

Now that budget has increased a lot-it's at, I think, $3.4 billion.

而现在对此的预算已增加了很多,我想是34亿美元。

Has this been effective to deter⁵ Russian aggression⁶?

你认为此举能有效抑制俄罗斯的侵略行为吗?

Well, I think the ERI, especially the increase, the quadrupling to $3.4 billion in fiscal⁷ year '17, is a testament⁸ to how seriously we take the threat from the East.

我认为欧洲安全保证倡议,尤其是在财政年度的17年增加4倍到34亿美元,证明了我们对于俄罗斯威胁的重视程度。

And this is an investment in setting the conditions for effective deterrence⁹ and defense of our NATO allies, especially those on the eastern flank of the alliance.

这是为有效威慑及保卫我们北约盟国,尤其是在联盟东部国家做好准备的一种投资。

It'll involve a variety of different things, including an augmented¹⁰ rotational¹¹ force posture¹² in Europe, prepositioning of equipment, additional exercises, increasing readiness of our NATO forces as well as infrastructure¹³ investments, but the bottom line is this testifies to how seriously the United States takes the threat from the East for our NATO allies.

这会涉及各种截然不同的东西,包括增强欧洲斡旋余地的态势,预先部署装备,额外军事演练,增强我们的北约部队及基础设施投资,但底线是证明美国为了北约盟友对这个东方国家威胁的重视程度。

What, specifically, out of all those things that you've mentioned, what do you feel has been the most effective?

有什么，确切地说,所有你提到的这些以外,你觉得什么是最有效的?

It's a multifaceted effort, and we're approaching this very much not only from a joint¹⁴ military perspective but, frankly¹⁵, from a whole-of-government perspective.

这是一种多方面的努力,而且我们非常接近，不仅是从联合军事角度而言,而且坦白说,从政府角度也是如此。

 

Because as we see some of the new hybrid¹⁶ toolkit that's being developed in Russia and elsewhere, it's incumbent¹⁷ for us and our allies to develop an appropriate response to that.

因为我们看到一些俄罗斯和其他地方正有新的动向，因此对美国和我们的盟友而言也义不容辞的需要适时应对。

1 annexation   

n.吞并，合并

参考例句：

• He mentioned the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 .他提及1910年日本对朝鲜的吞并。
• I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas.我认为合并的问题，完全属于德克萨斯和美国之间的事。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

4 reassurance   

n.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• He drew reassurance from the enthusiastic applause.热烈的掌声使他获得了信心。
• Reassurance is especially critical when it comes to military activities.消除疑虑在军事活动方面尤为关键。

5 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

6 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

7 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

8 testament   

n.遗嘱；证明

参考例句：

• This is his last will and testament.这是他的遗愿和遗嘱。
• It is a testament to the power of political mythology.这说明，编造政治神话可以产生多大的威力。

9 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。

10 Augmented   

adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• 'scientists won't be replaced," he claims, "but they will be augmented." 他宣称：“科学家不会被取代；相反，他们会被拓展。” 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• The impact of the report was augmented by its timing. 由于发表的时间选得好，这篇报导的影响更大了。

11 rotational   

adj.回转的，轮流的

参考例句：

• A synchronous motor drives the measuring bob at a constant rotational speed.同步马达驱动测锤以恒速旋转。
• With some limitations,this is true also of rotational degrees of freedom.在某些限定条件下，这一说法对转动自由度也成立。

12 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

13 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

14 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

15 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

16 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

17 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。