VOA常速英语2016--美国债务危机或影响全球经济

美国债务危机或影响全球经济

With an economy about one fourth the size of the world's GDP (gross domestic product), anythreat to the U.S. economy is a potential threat to other countries that do business with it.Jason Peuquet, a policy analyst¹ at the New America Foundation says it does not take a largeeconomy to see how interconnected the world has become. One smaller country in the EU,Greece, could really almost bring down Europe and threaten the global economy. So if we cansee that in just one smaller country, imagine what would happen in the world's largest singleeconomy, the United States. Some say U.S. debt - now edging close to $15 trillion - is growingtoo fast. That's why economists³ say the congressional committee tasked with trimming thenation's deficit⁴ must act decisively. Unless politicians deal with the problem now, Diane LimRogers, chief economist² at the Concorde Coalition⁵, says worries about the nation's ability torepay its debts will make the U.S. less attractive to investors⁶. The scary part from an economicperspective is we're not going to know we've reached that point where we've borrowed somuch that we're not looking like a safe investment. We're not going to know that until ithappens - very rapidly. It's sort of like you don't known you're near the edge of the cliff untilyou're already off the cliff. Like Greece and Italy, experts say if that happens, interest rates onU.S. securities will spike⁷, making it costlier⁸ for the country to repay its debts. Lim Rogers saysit's a burden the next generation would be forced to carry. That's why New AmericaFoundation's Peuquet says the supercommittee can not afford to fail. Extending the deadlinewould be much better than failure, because it keeps the conversation going. We've got thefocus of the world, the markets, businesses, the American public. And this is a realopportunity, so we hope the supercommittee recognizes that. Failure to reach a deal byNovember 23 would trigger automatic spending cuts worth more than one trillion dollars. Thosecuts would come primarily from defense⁹ and domestic spending programs - without thebenefit of new revenue. So it's a spending side only approach, it leaves us with a veryspending heavy strategy for deficit reduction at a time when we're still struggling to come outof our recession. Such "brute¹⁰ force" spending cuts could hurt social programs for unemployedand lower income Americans and hamper¹¹ the country's military readiness. Some economistswarn a political deadlock¹² could also lead to another downgrade of U.S. debt, sending marketsinto a tailspin that would further weaken the world's economy.

作为占全球四分之一GDP（国内生产总值）的国家，美国的经济一旦受到威胁，就会对与其有经贸往来的其他国家造成潜在威胁。詹森是新美国基金会的一名政策分析师，他认为，其实不用以美国这样的大国为例，就已经能看出世界各国经济的相互关联有多么密切。比如像欧盟成员国希腊这种比美国经济体量小的国家，就能带垮整个欧洲经济，进而威胁全球经济。所以如果能从希腊身上看到这一点，也就不难料想世界最大经济体美国发生动荡会产生何种后果了。有一些人认为，美国的债务已经快达到1500万亿美元，增长速度太快。这也是经济学家认为美国国会委员会应该当机立断削减财务赤字的原因。而经济学家戴安认为如果政客们现在不解决这个问题，那么投资者就会因为担心美国偿还债务的能力而不考虑美国。从经济学的角度来看，最可怕的是，我们已然负债累累，境况岌岌可危，濒临崩溃，而不自知。直到发生的那一刻，我们才知道，因为一切都是一眨眼的事儿。就有点像是，你不知道你已经身处悬崖边儿，直到掉下去了才反应过来。

美国目前的情况就像希腊和意大利一样，一旦真正崩塌，证券利息会让债务偿还之路更加步履维艰。戴安还说，这一债务还要由下一代去偿还。这也是新美国基金会的詹森认为美国国会委员会只能成功、不能失败的原因。推延截止日期要比失败好很多，因为这样还有的谈。我们已经成为各方的焦点，无论是各国市场、商圈还是美国公众。而这是个真正的良机，所以我们希望国会委员会也能意识到这一点。如果11月23日之前不能达成协议，就会导致开支自动削减10万亿美元。这部分开支削减主要从国防和内需项目上来——因此这部分的国家税收也就随之消失了。所以其实无论怎样做都是开支，我们只能采取沉重的开支策略以削减赤字，虽然经济危机的坎儿我们还没过去。这种开支削减会让我们喘不过气，影响社会运转，伤害到失业或低收入人群的利益，同时也会影响美国的军事备战状态。还有一些经济学家警告说，政治僵局可能会导致另一轮债务债务评级下调，从而让美国进入经济削弱的又一次慌乱中。

1 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

2 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

3 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

5 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

6 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

7 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

8 costlier   

adj.昂贵的( costly的比较级 )；代价高的；引起困难的；造成损失的

参考例句：

• Alligator skin is five times more costlier than leather. 鳄鱼皮比通常的皮革要贵5倍。 来自互联网
• Disagreements among creditors can be costlier still. 债权人之间的分歧会加大重组的费用。 来自互联网

9 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

10 brute   

n.野兽，兽性

参考例句：

• The aggressor troops are not many degrees removed from the brute.侵略军简直象一群野兽。
• That dog is a dangerous brute.It bites people.那条狗是危险的畜牲，它咬人。

11 hamper   

vt.妨碍，束缚，限制；n.(有盖的)大篮子

参考例句：

• There are some apples in a picnic hamper.在野餐用的大篮子里有许多苹果。
• The emergence of such problems seriously hamper the development of enterprises.这些问题的出现严重阻碍了企业的发展。

12 deadlock   

n.僵局，僵持

参考例句：

• The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后，谈判陷入了僵局。
• The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。