VOA常速英语2020--穆斯林罗兴亚人的难民危机

Next, an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.

以下是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论。

Five years ago, Burmese security forces embarked¹ on a campaign of violence, and ethnic² cleansing³ against its population of the Muslim Rohingya ethnic group. Some attacks took place between October 2016 and January 2017. A second wave began in August 2017. More than a million Rohingya refugees have fled Burma. Today, some 860,000 Rohingya refugees live in a camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Another 150,000 live in other countries in the region, including India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Around 600,000 Rohingya remain in Burma and face systemic discrimination there. Of these, over 130,000 are internally displaced people who have been confined to camps, mostly in Rakhine State. On October 22, the United States co-hosted a virtual conference, “Sustaining International Support for the Rohingya Refugee Response,” to encourage other nations to give generously to the ongoing⁴ crisis and reaffirm U.S. support for Rohingya and Bangladesh by announcing nearly 200 million dollars in additional humanitarian⁵ aid through the end of Fiscal⁶ Year 2020, bringing the total U.S. contribution for this crisis response to nearly $1.2 billion since August 2017. The conference highlights an international effort to resolve the crisis, said Deputy Secretary of State Stephen Biegun, who co-hosted the virtual conference along with senior officials from the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United Nations High Commissioner⁷ for Refugees.

五年前，缅甸安全部队开始了一场针对穆斯林罗兴亚族群的暴力镇压和种族清洗活动。一些攻击发生在2016年10月到2017年1月之间。第二波镇压活动开始于2017年的8月。一百多万罗兴亚难民逃离缅甸。今天，有大约86万罗兴亚难民生活在孟加拉国的科克斯·巴扎尔难民营。另外15万罗兴亚难民生活在印度、泰国、印度尼西亚和马来西亚等地区国家。大约60万罗兴亚人仍然留在缅甸，面临着系统性歧视。其中，超过13万人在国内流离失所，他们生活在难民营中，大部分生活在若开邦。10月22日，美国联合主办了“对罗兴亚难民回应持续国际支持”的视频会议，鼓励其他国家对目前的危机慷慨解囊，并重申美国对罗兴亚人和孟加拉国的支持。美国同时宣布在2020财政年度到期之前追加将近两亿美元的人道主义援助，把美国自2017年8月以来为应对这场危机所做出的贡献提高到将近12亿美元。美国国务院副国务卿斯蒂芬·比根表示，这次视频会议突出展现了国际社会为解决这次危机所做的努力。比根与英国、欧盟和联合国难民事务高级专员公署的高级官员共同主办了这次视频会议。

“It’s critical for us to address these vulnerable populations’ needs while redoubling our efforts to find a sustainable long-term solution to the crisis,” he said. He highlighted the role of the Government of Burma in creating conditions conducive⁸ to the voluntary, safe, dignified⁹, and sustainable return of Rohingya to Burma. “As a first step, Burma must grant unhindered and sustained humanitarian access to affected¹⁰ communities – we will continue to be a partner with you in this effort,” said Deputy Secretary of State Biegun. Deputy Secretary Biegun also noted¹¹ that more must be done to address the root causes of violence in Rakhine State, including by cooperating to end the trafficking of weapons and narcotics¹² that have enabled the State’s violence and instability for far too long. “As leaders, we are putting the spotlight¹³ on our international response to the plight¹⁴ of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and elsewhere in the region, as well as those displaced internally in Burma,” he said. “We will hold accountable those responsible for the horrific abuses that have occurred, and we will work with the Rohingya community to shape policies that reflect your community’s decisions about your future.”

“关键在于，我们需要着手处理这些弱势群体的需求，同时加倍努力，寻找这场危机长期可持续的解决方法。”比根说。他强调说，缅甸政府能够发挥作用，创造有利于罗兴亚人自愿、安全、体面和持续返回缅甸的条件。“缅甸第一步必须向受到影响的社区提供畅通无阻的和持续的人道主义援助——我们将继续成为你们为此努力的伙伴。”副国务卿比根表示。比根同时指出，必须进一步努力，解决若开邦的暴力根源，包括合作终止武器和毒品贩运，这些贩运造成了若开邦长期以来的暴力和不稳定。“我们作为领导者，要侧重于国际社会对孟加拉国等地区国家境内以及在缅甸国内流离失所的罗兴亚难民的困境所做出的反应”，比根表示，“我们会追责那些该为已经发生的恐怖侵犯行为负责的人员，我们还将与罗兴亚社区合作，就你们的未来制定能够体现你们社区决定的政策。”

That was an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.

这是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论。

1 embarked   

乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事

参考例句：

• We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
• She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。

2 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

3 cleansing   

n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词

参考例句：

• medicated cleansing pads for sensitive skin 敏感皮肤药物清洗棉
• Soap is not the only cleansing agent. 肥皂并不是唯一的清洁剂。

4 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

5 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

6 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

7 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

8 conducive   

adj.有益的，有助的

参考例句：

• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
• Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。

9 dignified   

a.可敬的，高贵的

参考例句：

• Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。
• He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

11 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

12 narcotics   

n.麻醉药( narcotic的名词复数 )；毒品；毒

参考例句：

• The use of narcotics by teenagers is a problem in many countries. 青少年服用麻醉药在许多国家中都是一个问题。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Police shook down the club, looking for narcotics. 警方彻底搜查了这个俱乐部，寻找麻醉品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

14 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。