特朗普重用军人引起警惕

 　　For someone who once claimed to know more than the generals about Isis, Donald Trump¹ seems to crave² the opinion of men in uniform.

　　作为一个曾自诩比将军们还了解伊斯兰国(ISIS)的人，唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)似乎渴望得到军方人士的意见。

　　With the likely nomination³ of John Kelly to run the homeland security department, Mr Trump will have chosen a third retired⁴ general for his national security team,

　　他可能提名约翰.凯利(John Kelly)执掌国土安全部(DHS)，这将是他为自己的国家安全团队选择的第三位退役将军。

　　after the selection of James Mad Dog Mattis as defence secretary and Michael Flynn, a controversial intelligence officer, as national security adviser⁵.

　　之前他已选了疯狗(Mad Dog)詹姆斯.马蒂斯(James Mattis)担任国防部长、有争议的情报官员迈克尔.弗林(Michael Flynn)担任国家安全顾问。

　　At the Central Intelligence Agency, Mr Trump has nominated Mike Pompeo, a West Point graduate and retired army captain.

　　他还提名西点军校(West Point)毕业的退役陆军上尉麦克.庞贝(Mike Pompeo)执掌中央情报局(CIA)，

　　And he is considering retired general David Petraeus for secretary of state and Admiral Michael Rogers, head of the National Security Agency, for director of national intelligence, the role that oversees⁶ the entire US intelligence community.

　　并且正在考虑让退役将军戴维.彼得雷乌斯(David Petraeus)担任国务卿，让国家安全局(NSA)局长、海军上将迈克尔.罗杰斯(Admiral Michael Rogers)担任国家情报总监(Director of National Intelligence)、掌管美国的整个情报体系。

　　The reliance on military figures has prompted warnings about national security strategy in the Trump administration — both that the military could become more politicised and that policy could become too militarised.

　　特朗普对军方人物的倚重，引发了许多人士对其政府的国家安全战略的警告——军方可能变得更加政治化，而政府政策可能变得更加军事化。

　　Republicans in Congress are already paving the way to arrange a waiver to allow Mr Mattis to serve despite a decades-old rule

　　在国会，共和党议员已经在为促成一项豁免条款、使马蒂斯能够出任国防部长铺路子。

　　that military officers must be out of uniform for seven years before being appointed Pentagon chief.

　　根据一条实行了几十年的法律，军官必须退役满7年后才能被任命为国防部长，这是为了确保文官对军队的控制。

　　But some Democrats⁷ want to block any effort to circumvent⁸ a law that was put in place to ensure civilian⁹ control of the military.

　　一些民主党议员希望阻止任何试图绕过这条法律的努力。

　　Few critics would go as far as Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch, who warned on Twitter that the cabinet was starting to look like a military junta¹⁰.

　　批评者中最疾言厉色的当数肯尼斯.罗思(Kenneth Roth)，这位人权观察(Human Rights Watch)的执行主任在Twitter上警告称，这个内阁开始像军政府了。

　　But many believe the appointments could erode¹¹ the necessary political buffers¹² that separate the civilian and military worlds.

　　但很多人的确认为这些任命可能削弱把文官和军方分隔开所必需的政治缓冲区。

　　Many of these generals stand out because what they can do is so remarkable¹³, says Phillip Carter, a retired army officer at the Center for a New American Security in Washington.

　　很多将军脱颖而出，这是因为他们能够做的事不同寻常，退役军官、在华盛顿的新美国安全中心(Center for a New American Security)任职的菲利普.卡特(Phillip Carter)称，

　　But one of the dangers is that it militarises the approach to different policy issues.

　　但有一个危险是，这种安排会使得处理不同政策问题的方式变得军事化。

　　The presence of so many generals might not come as a surprise, given the military’s status as the most respected institution in the US.

　　考虑到军队是美国最受尊敬的机构，如此多的将军进入特朗普政府或许并不令人意外。

　　American voters have shown they resent the decade and a half of wars the country has been involved in, but they lionise the veterans who have fought in them.

　　美国选民对15年来自己国家所参与的战争表现出憎恨情绪，但是他们崇拜那些曾经参战的老兵。

　　A former student of New York Military Academy, Mr Trump often veered¹⁴ during the election campaign between veneration¹⁵ of past generals, notably¹⁶ George S Patton

　　特朗普曾就读纽约军事学院(New York Military Academy)，在竞选期间，他一方面对乔治.巴顿(George S. Patton)、

　　and Douglas Mac-Arthur, and biting attacks on the current generation of commanders who he claimed had been reduced to rubble¹⁷.

　　道格拉斯.麦克阿瑟(Douglas MacArthur)等已故将军崇拜不已，一方面又对当今的指挥官们大加抨击，说他们是废柴。

　　The first risk of having so many senior military figures in his cabinet is the impact on the active military.

　　在内阁中任命众多军方人物，第一个风险是会对现役军人造成影响。

　　With their eyes on high-level posts in a future administration once they retire, some commanders might be tempted¹⁸ to tailor their advice to politicians in order to win favour.

　　一些指挥官谋求退役后进入新政府中担任高级职位，他们在提出建议时，可能会不由自主地迎合政治人物的观点，以博取对方好感。

　　Martin Dempsey, former chairman of the joint¹⁹ chiefs of staff, warned in the summer about the growing presence in political campaigns of retired military personnel, including Mr Flynn and John Allen, a former Marine²⁰ general who was supporting Hillary Clinton.

　　前参谋长联席会议主席马丁.邓普西(Martin Dempsey)在今年夏天对退役军官日益参与政治活动的情况发出警告，其中包括弗林和当时支持希拉里.克林顿(Hillary Clinton)的前海军陆战队上将约翰.艾伦(John Allen)。

　　I worry?.?.?.?about military people angling for political jobs as retirement²¹ approaches, says Kori Schake, a Stanford scholar who co-wrote a book with Gen Mattis on civil-military relations.

　　我担心……快退役的谋求政治职位的军人，科里.斯卡克(Kori Schake)表示，这位斯坦福大学的学者与马蒂斯将军合著了一本有关文武关系的书。

　　The second potential problem is that in a Trump administration dominated by generals, there is a risk the military may be seen as the solution for many problems and that other approaches will be played down.

　　第二个潜在问题是，在将军们占据重要地位的特朗普政府，军事途径可能被视为很多问题的解决办法，其他解决办法可能被忽视。

　　With a budget that dwarfs²² other parts of the government, the tendency to look first to the Pentagon for answers during a crisis could become more pronounced.

　　在军事预算远超其他政府部门的情况下，在危机中以五角大楼马首是瞻的倾向可能变得更加突出。

　　The symbolism of having a former general running the homeland department, which is responsible for border security and a range of other domestic security issues, has left some uncomfortable.

　　把负责边境安全及一系列其他国内安全问题的国土安全部交给一位退役将军来执掌，其中的象征意义让一些人感到不安。

　　However, some of Mr Trump’s generals do not fit easily into a warmongering²³ stereotype²⁴.

　　不过特朗普提名的一些将军不太符合军人好战的刻板印象。

　　Mr Kelly is the highest ranking recent officer to have lost a child in war after his son Robert, also a Marine, was killed in Afghanistan.

　　凯利是近年在战争中承受丧子之痛的级别最高的军官，他的儿子罗伯特(Robert)（也是海军陆战队员）在阿富汗遇难。

　　Mr Mattis, who has often called for an increase in the state department budget, warned this year that Americans had forgotten the huge death tolls²⁵ that came with war.

　　常常呼吁增加国务院预算的马蒂斯在今年警告称，美国人已经忘记了伴随战争而来的庞大死亡数字。

　　He said the public view was that we can do what we wish with the Petri dish called the military and there is no consequence, and that there needs to be a little more humility²⁶ and a little more modesty²⁷ on the part of those who may have statutory, legal, constitutional authority over the military.

　　他表示，民众的观点是我们可以用被称为军队的培养皿来实现我们的意图，而且没有任何后果，那些可能对军队拥有法定、合法以及宪法权力的人，应该多一点谦卑和谦虚。

　　And while some Democrats have raised concerns about civilian control of the military, others have welcomed the appointment of Mr Mattis to the Pentagon because they believe he will act as a restraining influence on Mr Trump, rather than push him into action.

　　一些民主党人对文官控制军队提出了担忧，而其他人对马蒂斯被提名为国防部长表示欢迎，因为他们认为马蒂斯将会促使特朗普克制，而不会推动特朗普采取行动。

　　The final problem is that military officers do not always make good politicians or White House officials.

　　最后一个问题是，军官并不总能成为出色的政治家或白宫官员。

　　The most respected national security adviser, Brent Scowcroft, was an Air Force general, but Alexander Haig, a former army general, had to resign as Ronald Reagan’s secretary of state after just over a year after causing a civil-military crisis following an assassination²⁸ attempt on the president.

　　最受尊敬的国家安全顾问布伦特.斯考克罗夫特(Brent Scowcroft)曾是空军将军，但前陆军上将亚历山大.黑格(Alexander Haig)为罗纳德.里根(Ronald Reagan)担任国务卿仅1年多便被迫辞职，因为他在里根遇刺后引发了文官与军方的关系危机。

　　Michael Mullen, former chairman of the joint chiefs, recently said he was worried about the militarisation of the government.

　　前参谋长联席会议主席迈克尔.穆伦(Michael Mullen)最近表示，他担心政府军事化。

　　Mr Mullen said many military brass²⁹ did not understand enough about politics to navigate³⁰ that world:

　　穆伦称，很多高级军官对政治的理解不足以使他们在政界应付裕如。

　　I don’t care what any of them say, they don’t know what they are getting into.

　　我不关心他们任何一个人说什么，他们不知道自己要面对什么。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。

3 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

4 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

5 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

6 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

7 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 circumvent   

vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜

参考例句：

• Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.军事策略家们企图绕开这一条约。
• Any action I took to circumvent his scheme was justified.我为斗赢他的如意算盘而采取的任何行动都是正当的。

9 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

10 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

11 erode   

v.侵蚀，腐蚀，使...减少、减弱或消失

参考例句：

• Once exposed,soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外，土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。
• Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits.金融市场的竞争降低了利润。

12 buffers   

起缓冲作用的人（或物）( buffer的名词复数 )； 缓冲器； 减震器； 愚蠢老头

参考例句：

• To allocate and schedule the use of buffers. 分配和计划缓冲器的使用。
• Number of times the stream has paused due to insufficient stream buffers. 由于流缓冲区不足导致流程暂停的次数。

13 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

14 veered   

v.（尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线( veer的过去式和过去分词 )；（指谈话内容、人的行为或观点）突然改变；（指风） （在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按逆时针方向）逐渐转向；风向顺时针转

参考例句：

• The bus veered onto the wrong side of the road. 公共汽车突然驶入了逆行道。
• The truck veered off the road and crashed into a tree. 卡车突然驶离公路撞上了一棵树。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 veneration   

n.尊敬，崇拜

参考例句：

• I acquired lasting respect for tradition and veneration for the past.我开始对传统和历史产生了持久的敬慕。
• My father venerated General Eisenhower.我父亲十分敬仰艾森豪威尔将军。

16 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

17 rubble   

n.（一堆）碎石，瓦砾

参考例句：

• After the earthquake,it took months to clean up the rubble.地震后，花了数月才清理完瓦砾。
• After the war many cities were full of rubble.战后许多城市到处可见颓垣残壁。

18 tempted   

v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词）

参考例句：

• I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didn't. 我极想发牢骚，但还是没开口。
• I was tempted by the dessert menu. 甜食菜单馋得我垂涎欲滴。

19 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

20 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

21 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

22 dwarfs   

n.侏儒，矮子（dwarf的复数形式）vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists. 莎士比亚使其他剧作家相形见绌。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The new building dwarfs all the other buildings in the town. 新大楼使城里所有其他建筑物都显得矮小了。 来自辞典例句

23 warmongering   

[法] 煽动战争

参考例句：

• What's warmongering got to do with Freedom Road? 自由之路与煽动战争有什么关系？ 来自电影对白
• The speech hits out at warmongering. 这篇演说对煽动战争的行为大加鞭笞。 来自互联网

24 stereotype   

n.固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

参考例句：

• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。

25 tolls   

（缓慢而有规律的）钟声( toll的名词复数 )； 通行费； 损耗； （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏

参考例句：

• A man collected tolls at the gateway. 一个人在大门口收通行费。
• The long-distance call tolls amount to quite a sum. 长途电话费数目相当可观。

26 humility   

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

• Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。
• His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。

27 modesty   

n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素

参考例句：

• Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。
• As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后，谦虚使人进步。

28 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

29 brass   

n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器

参考例句：

• Many of the workers play in the factory's brass band.许多工人都在工厂铜管乐队中演奏。
• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。

30 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。