2021年经济学人 被忽视的女性医疗--生病的女人(1)

Books and Arts

文学与艺术

Book Review

书评

Women and Medicine

女性与医疗

Body politics

身体政治

Unwell Women. By Elinor Cleghorn.

《生病的女人》作者：埃莉诺?克莱霍恩

When Serena Williams struggled to breathe after giving birth in 2017, she knew something was wrong.

2017年，塞雷娜·威廉姆斯在生完孩子后呼吸困难，她知道出事了。

She also suspected what it was.

并且她产生了一些猜想。

Six years earlier the tennis champion had endured a pulmonary embolism, or blood clot¹. But a nurse thought she was delirious² from pain medication.

六年前，这位网球冠军曾得过肺栓塞，也就是血凝块。但护士认为她是因为服用了止痛药而神志不清。

Instead of the CT scan Ms Williams wanted, a doctor did a fruitless ultrasound.

威廉姆斯想要做CT扫描检查，医生没有给她做，而是做了一个没用的超声波检查。

Eventually the scan was ordered — and revealed clots³ in the arteries⁴ of her lungs.

最终，医生在她的要求下为她做了扫描，结果显示她的肺部动脉中有血块。

In "Unwell Women", Elinor Cleghorn shows that Ms Williams's problem — not being listened to — is as old as medicine.

在《生病的女人》一书中，埃莉诺·克莱霍恩指出，威廉姆斯的问题——不被倾听——自医学诞生之初便已存在。

The author began stitching together the history of women's health after being diagnosed with lupus in 2010; her pain had been dismissed for seven years.

在2010年被诊断出狼疮后，作者开始整理女性的健康史；她的病痛已经消失七年了。

The result combines her own story with a feminist⁵ history of illness and a plea for better listening.

最终，她把自己的故事与女性主义患病史结合起来，并呼吁更好地倾听。

It shows how centuries of ignorance and condescension⁶ led to failings that endure today.

书中指出了几个世纪以来无知和傲慢如何导致了延续至今的失败。

Sexism has underpinned⁷ medical practice since the time of Hippocrates, Ms Cleghorn writes.

克莱霍恩写道，自希波克拉底时代以来，性别歧视一直牢固地存在于医疗实践中。

Ranging from classical civilisations to the present, with nods to feminist luminaries⁸ and ancient philosophy,

她在书中引用了诸多女权主义名人和古代哲学，描述了从古典文明到现在，

her book describes how "hysteria" — from hystera, the Greek word for uterus — was long used as a blanket diagnosis⁹ for women.

“hysteria”(源自希腊单词hystera，意为子宫)是如何长期被用作对女性的笼统诊断。

In the 1870s the concept became a reason to remove their ovaries.

19世纪70年代，这一观念成为切除卵巢的理由。

She recounts how 17th-century witch trials relied on doctors' diagnoses, and how modern birth control was originally promoted by eugenicists in the 1920s.

她讲述了17世纪的女巫审判是如何依赖于医生的诊断的，以及20世纪20年代优生学家最初是如何推动现代节育的。

1 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

2 delirious   

adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的

参考例句：

• He was delirious,murmuring about that matter.他精神恍惚，低声叨念着那件事。
• She knew that he had become delirious,and tried to pacify him.她知道他已经神志昏迷起来了，极力想使他镇静下来。

3 clots   

n.凝块( clot的名词复数 )；血块；蠢人；傻瓜v.凝固( clot的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• When you cut yourself, blood clots and forms a scab. 你割破了，血会凝固、结痂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Milk clots when it turns sour. 奶变酸就凝块。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 feminist   

adj.主张男女平等的，女权主义的

参考例句：

• She followed the feminist movement.她支持女权运动。
• From then on,feminist studies on literature boomed.从那时起，男女平等受教育的现象开始迅速兴起。

6 condescension   

n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人)

参考例句：

• His politeness smacks of condescension. 他的客气带有屈尊俯就的意味。
• Despite its condescension toward the Bennet family, the letter begins to allay Elizabeth's prejudice against Darcy. 尽管这封信对班纳特家的态度很高傲，但它开始消除伊丽莎白对达西的偏见。

7 underpinned   

v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的过去式和过去分词 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。
• The statue of Diana was underpinned with charred piles. Diana雕像是建造在炭化了的木桩上的。 来自辞典例句

8 luminaries   

n.杰出人物，名人（luminary的复数形式）

参考例句：

• In that day there will be no light; the luminaries will dwindle. 亚14:6那日、必没有光．三光必退缩。 来自互联网
• Includes household filament light bulbs & luminaries. 包括家用的白炙灯泡和光源。 来自互联网

9 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。