2021年经济学人 法国的劳动力短缺(2)

Even before the pandemic, this gap was a worry.

甚至在新冠疫情之前，这一差距就令人担忧。

The government had been trying to close it with extra apprenticeships and training schemes.

政府一直试图用额外的学徒和培训计划来缩短这一差距。

Now these have been expanded, with a more active approach to getting young people in particular into work.

现在这些措施进一步扩大，政府想用一种更积极的方式让年轻人找到工作。

A scheme known as "One youth, one solution" guarantees every under-26-year-old training, an apprenticeship¹ or a job, for which firms may get a public subsidy³.

一项名为“一个年轻人，一个解决方案”的计划保证每个26岁以下的年轻人都能接受培训，成为学徒或者找到工作，公司可以为此获得公共补贴。

The poorest get nearly 500 euros ($590) extra in benefits a month if they enrol⁴ in an active job-hunt scheme.

如果他们加入了一个积极的求职计划，那么最穷的人每月能多得到将近500欧元(590美元)的补助。

"The government has invested a lot in upskilling," says Ludovic Subran, chief economist⁵ at Allianz, an insurer.

保险公司安联的首席经济学家卢多维奇·苏夫朗表示：“政府在提高技能方面投入了大量资金。

"But there's an underlying⁶ mismatch between supply and demand that will remain for some time."

但供需之间存在潜在的不匹配，这种情况将持续一段时间。”

In parallel, there is an attempt to redesign the unemployment-benefit rules to encourage people to work.

与此同时，政府试图重新设计失业救济规则以鼓励人们工作。

President Emmanuel Macron's reform involves, among other things, curbing⁷ the generous payouts to high-earners while also increasing from four to six months the length of service required to qualify for full benefits.

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的改革包括，限制对高收入者的慷慨支出，同时将获得全额福利的服务年限从4个月增加到6个月。

This latter measure is designed to discourage firms from creating short-term contracts, which they do knowing that people can fall back on benefits in between.

后一种措施旨在阻止公司签订短期合同，因为他们知道有人能够从中获得福利。

But after unions took the reform to France's highest administrative⁸ court, the government was told in June to suspend it until the economy improves.

但在工会将这项改革提交法国最高行政法院之后，政府在6月被告知在经济好转前将暂停该计划。

Mr Macron vows⁹ it will apply from October, if growth picks up.

马克龙承诺，如果经济增长加快，该计划将从10月份开始实施。

Staff shortages in the hospitality business may be linked to its generous furlough schemes.

酒店行业的员工短缺可能与其慷慨的休假计划有关。

This will be tested at the end of August, when such workers will get only 72% of salaries rather than 84%.

这将在8月底得到检验，届时这些工人将只能得到工资的72%，而不是84%。

That may help firms entice² staff back. So might better pay.

这可能有助于公司将员工吸引回来，所以可能会有更好的报酬。

For the moment, as restaurants prepare to check vaccination¹⁰ passes at entry, uncertainty¹¹ is discouraging them from promising¹² higher wages.

目前，由于餐馆准备在消费者进入时检查疫苗接种证明，不确定性使他们不愿承诺提高工资。

Diners may need to get used to longer waits, and fewer alternatives to the plat du jour.

用餐者可能需要习惯更长的等待时间，以及更少的菜品选择。

1 apprenticeship   

n.学徒身份；学徒期

参考例句：

• She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter. 她当木工学徒已是第二年了。
• He served his apprenticeship with Bob. 他跟鲍勃当学徒。

2 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

3 subsidy   

n.补助金，津贴

参考例句：

• The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
• The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。

4 enrol   

v.（使）注册入学，（使）入学，（使）入会

参考例句：

• I like your institute but I do not want to enrol.我喜欢你们学院但我不想报名去你院。
• They decided to enrol him as a member of the society.他们决定吸收他成为会社的成员。

5 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

6 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

7 curbing   

n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Progress has been made in curbing inflation. 在控制通货膨胀方面已取得了进展。
• A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。

8 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

9 vows   

誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿

参考例句：

• Matrimonial vows are to show the faithfulness of the new couple. 婚誓体现了新婚夫妇对婚姻的忠诚。
• The nun took strait vows. 那位修女立下严格的誓愿。

10 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

11 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

12 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。