2021年经济学人 奥运VS药物(9)

Lack of will is also a problem. Sport brings national glory, which can make questioning success risky¹.

缺乏意愿也是一个问题。体育给国家带来荣耀，但质疑成功却有风险。

After her admission, Ms Shirley was branded a "traitor²".

雪莉女士在承认使用兴奋剂后被贴上了“叛徒”的标签。

State-sponsored doping programmes in East Germany, China and Russia were all aimed at winning political prestige.

在东德、中国和俄罗斯，国家支持的兴奋剂项目都是为了赢得政治声望。

Sport brings in a great deal of cash, too. Warc, an advertising³ firm, reckons the worldwide sports-sponsorship market was worth $48bn in 2020.

体育运动也能带来大量的现金。据广告公司Warc估计，2020年全球体育赞助市场价值480亿美元。

All that money makes it possible to buy off officials.

这些钱使得收买官员成为可能。

Last year Lamine Diack, Lord Coe's predecessor⁴ as the head of World Athletics⁵ (then known as the International Association of Athletics Federations) was given a four-year prison sentence for taking bribes⁶ to hush⁷ up positive doping tests, as were five other officials. (Mr Diack is appealing.)

去年，科勋爵的前任、国际田联主席拉明·迪亚克和其他五名官员被判四年监禁，罪名是收受贿赂，隐瞒兴奋剂检测结果呈阳性。(迪亚克正在上诉。)

Ultimately, countries and companies pay both for top-level sport and for the anti-doping system which polices it.

最终，国家和公司会为顶级体育赛事和监管该赛事的反兴奋剂系统买单。

This means that, even when they are not actively⁸ working to subvert⁹ the system, as Russia or Mr Diack did, they do not always have strong incentives¹⁰ to ask hard questions.

这意味着，即使他们不像俄罗斯或迪亚克那样积极致力于颠覆体制，他们也并不总是有强烈的动机提出尖锐的问题。

Mr Salazar had been a divisive figure in athletics long before Nike eventually closed the Oregon Project.

早在耐克关闭俄勒冈项目之前，萨拉查就在体育界引起了争议。

WADA itself gets half of its money from governments and half from sporting bodies, raising questions about how truly independent it can ever be.

WADA本身一半的资金来自政府，另一半来自体育机构，这让人不禁质疑它到底能有多独立。

That is a view shared by America's government.

美国政府也认同这一观点。

Fed up with what it sees as a limp response to the Russian scandal, in December it passed a law known as the Rodchenkov Act.

由于受够了对俄罗斯丑闻的软弱回应，去年12月，美国通过了一项名为《罗琴科夫法案》的法律，

This tries to assert American criminal jurisdiction¹¹ over any sports event involving American athletes or companies, anywhere in the world.

试图维护美国对世界任何地方任何涉及美国运动员或美国公司的体育赛事的刑事管辖权。

It gives American prosecutors¹² the ability to impose ten-year prison sentences and $1m fines on those found to have aided doping (though it does not apply to individual athletes).

它使美国检察官有权对那些被发现使用兴奋剂的人处以10年监禁和100万美元罚款(尽管对个别运动员并不适用)。

Travis Tygart, head of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, described the Rodchenkov Act as a "game-changer".

美国反兴奋剂机构负责人特拉维斯·泰加特称《罗琴科夫法案》“改变了游戏规则”，

That is hard to argue with. It will drive a coach and horses through existing arrangements.

而且很难驳斥，将直接越过现有的规则。

WADA worries the act's extraterritorial ambitions mean two sets of rules could apply to doping cases, and that confusion and resistance from other countries might "shatter" the international anti-doping system.

世界反兴奋剂机构担心，该法案的域外野心意味着两套规则可能都将适用于兴奋剂案件，而来自其他国家的困惑和抵制可能会“粉碎”国际反兴奋剂体系。

(It also notes, pointedly¹³, that the act's penalties do not apply to parochial American sports such as baseball, which have had their own share of doping scandals.)

(它还明确指出，该法案的处罚不适用于棒球等狭隘的美国体育项目，这些项目也有自己的兴奋剂丑闻。)

The Tokyo games are one of the first big international competitions to be held with the act in force.

东京奥运会是在这一法律生效的情况下举行的第一个大型国际比赛。

Lord Coe may or may not be right to say, in the wake of the Russian scandal, that getting away with doping will be harder than ever.

科勋爵表示，在俄罗斯丑闻爆发后，兴奋剂丑闻将比以往任何时候都更加严重，这种说法可能正确，也可能不正确。

But the fight against it has rarely been so bad-tempered¹⁴.

但反对兴奋剂的斗争很少会如此激烈。

1 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

2 traitor   

n.叛徒，卖国贼

参考例句：

• The traitor was finally found out and put in prison.那个卖国贼终于被人发现并被监禁了起来。
• He was sold out by a traitor and arrested.他被叛徒出卖而被捕了。

3 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

4 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 athletics   

n.运动，体育，田径运动

参考例句：

• When I was at school I was always hopeless at athletics.我上学的时候体育十分糟糕。
• Our team tied with theirs in athletics.在田径比赛中，我们队与他们队旗鼓相当。

6 bribes   

n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

7 hush   

int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静

参考例句：

• A hush fell over the onlookers.旁观者们突然静了下来。
• Do hush up the scandal!不要把这丑事声张出去！

8 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

9 subvert   

v.推翻；暗中破坏；搅乱

参考例句：

• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
• They tried to subvert our state and our Party. This is the crux of the matter.他们是要颠覆我们的国家，颠覆我们的党，这是问题的实质。

10 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

11 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

12 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

13 pointedly   

adv.尖地，明显地

参考例句：

• She yawned and looked pointedly at her watch. 她打了个哈欠，又刻意地看了看手表。
• The demand for an apology was pointedly refused. 让对方道歉的要求遭到了断然拒绝。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 bad-tempered   

adj.脾气坏的

参考例句：

• He grew more and more bad-tempered as the afternoon wore on.随着下午一点点地过去，他的脾气也越来越坏。
• I know he's often bad-tempered but really,you know,he's got a heart of gold.我知道他经常发脾气，但是，要知道，其实他心肠很好。