2021年经济学人 德俄关系--寒冬将至(1)

Europe

欧洲板块

German-Russian relations

德俄关系

From "flawless" to lawless

从“完美无瑕”到无法无天

Angela Merkel's glum¹ trip to Moscow and Kyiv

安格拉·默克尔对莫斯科和基辅的阴郁之旅

When angela merkel took over as Germany's chancellor² in 2005 Western leaders had high hopes that Russia would progress from semi-authoritarian regime to liberal democracy.

当安格拉·默克尔2005年接任德国总理时，西方领导人曾对俄罗斯寄予厚望，希望它能从半独裁政权走向自由民主。

Four years earlier Vladimir Putin had declared in a speech in German to the Bundestag, "Russia is a friendly-minded European country."

四年前，弗拉基米尔·普京在德国联邦议院的一次演讲中宣称：“俄罗斯是一个思想友好的欧洲国家。”

The then chancellor, Gerhard Schroder, Mrs Merkel's predecessor³, became so chummy with Mr Putin that shortly before leaving office he approved the construction of a gas pipeline⁴ from Russia to Germany crossing the Baltic Sea.

当时的总理，格哈德·施罗德，默克尔的前任，与普京关系非常亲密，以至于在卸任前不久，他批准了一条穿过波罗的海从俄罗斯到德国的天然气管道的建设。

Russia provided 40% of Germany's gas. Germany was about to become Russia's largest trading partner.

俄罗斯提供了德国40%的天然气。德国即将成为俄罗斯最大的贸易伙伴。

Sixteen years later, each country's expectation of the other has failed to materialise.

16年后，两国对对方的期望都未能实现。

Germany had imagined a more liberal Russia; Russia had hoped that Germany wouldhelp convince Europe to treat Russia as an equal, and to create a free-trade zone from Lisbon to Vladivostok.

德国曾设想一个更加自由的俄罗斯，俄罗斯曾希望德国能帮助说服欧洲平等对待俄罗斯，并建立一个从里斯本到符拉迪沃斯托克的自由贸易区。

On August 20th Mrs Merkel will travel to Moscow during the last weeks of her chancellorship⁵ to say goodbye to a leader whom she has come to distrust deeply.

8月20日，在默克尔总理任期的最后几周，她将前往莫斯科，向一位她已经深深不信任的领导人告别。

Mr Putin will bid farewell to his most important interlocutor among Western leaders.

普京也将告别他在西方领导人中最重要的对话者。

The debacle in Afghanistan will be high on their list, as well as the nearly finished gas pipeline, which America's Congress fiercely opposes.

在阿富汗的溃败将是他们的首要任务，同样重要的还有即将完工的天然气管道，这一工程遭到了美国国会的强烈反对。

Now known as Nord Stream 2, it has become a stain on Mrs Merkel's legacy⁶.

现在被称为“北溪2号”，它已经成为默克尔遗留政策的一个污点。

The chancellor is normally adept⁷ at balancing competing interests, but she utterly⁸ underestimated how much the pipeline, which she supported mainly to appease⁹ the business lobby and her Social Democratic coalition¹⁰ partners, would upset America and Ukraine.

默克尔通常擅于平衡相互竞争的利益，但她完全低估了这条管道会在多大程度上激怒美国和乌克兰。她支持这条管道主要是为了安抚商业游说团体和她的社会民主党联盟伙伴。

They fear it will isolate¹¹ Ukraine (which also stands to lose lucrative¹² transit¹³ fees) and make Europe even more dependent on Russian gas.

他们担心这会孤立乌克兰(乌克兰也将失去有利可图的过境费)，并使欧洲更加依赖俄罗斯的天然气。

After her stop in Moscow Mrs Merkel will travel to Kyiv for talks with Volodymyr Zelensky, the Ukrainian president.

在莫斯科停留之后，默克尔将前往基辅与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽伦斯基举行会谈。

1 glum   

adj.闷闷不乐的，阴郁的

参考例句：

• He was a charming mixture of glum and glee.他是一个很有魅力的人，时而忧伤时而欢笑。
• She laughed at his glum face.她嘲笑他闷闷不乐的脸。

2 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

3 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

4 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

5 chancellorship   

长官的职位或任期

参考例句：

• For instance, Chien Wei-chang can perhaps still keep his post as professor but not the vice-chancellorship. 比如钱伟长，恐怕教授还可以当，副校长就当不成了。
• The first televised debate between candidates for the chancellorship was judged a draw last night. 昨晚竞选长官职位的第一场电视辩论以平局告终。

6 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

7 adept   

adj.老练的，精通的

参考例句：

• When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
• He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。

8 utterly   

adv.完全地，绝对地

参考例句：

• Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
• I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。

9 appease   

v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足

参考例句：

• He tried to appease the crying child by giving him candy.他试图给那个啼哭的孩子糖果使他不哭。
• The government tried to appease discontented workers.政府试图安抚不满的工人们。

10 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

11 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

12 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

13 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。