2021年经济学人 默默无闻的反法西斯女英雄(1)

Books and Arts

文学与艺术

Book Review

书评

A Heroine of the Resistance - Together in Berlin

抵抗运动中的女英雄——同在柏林

All the Frequent Troubles of Our Days. By Rebecca Donner.

《生活中常用的麻烦》，作者：丽贝卡·唐纳。

In February 1943 a sympathetic chaplain at Plotzensee Prison in Berlin made one last visit to a condemned¹ woman.

1943年2月，在柏林普洛赞塞监狱里，一位富有同情心的牧师最后一次探望一名被判死刑的女性。

She was bent² over a book of Goethe’s poems, writing English translations in the margins³.

她伏在一本歌德的诗集上，在页边空白处写着英语译文。

Mildred Harnack, an American teacher, was executed that day on Hitler’s direct orders.

美国教师米尔德里德·哈纳克在希特勒的直接命令下在那天被处决。

More than half a century later her great-great-niece found the book in the archives of the German Resistance Memorial.

半个多世纪后，她的曾孙侄女在德国抵抗运动纪念馆的档案中发现了这本书。

Harnack had been a leading figure in the anti-Nazi underground; yet whereas the world honoured such martyred anti-fascists as Sophie Scholl, killed six days later, almost nothing was known of this idealistic professor of literature from Wisconsin, or of how she came to lead the largest resistance cell in Berlin.

哈纳克曾是反纳粹地下组织的领袖人物；然而，尽管全世界都在纪念苏菲·绍尔这样的反法西斯烈士，但他们对于这位来自威斯康星州的理想主义文学教授几乎一无所知，也不知道她是如何领导柏林最大的抵抗组织的。

This obscurity was no accident.

这种默默无闻并非偶然。

After the defeat of the Nazis⁴, Harnack’s sister, aghast at reports of her involvement with anti-fascists and Soviet⁵ spies, ordered family members to destroy her letters.

纳粹战败后，哈纳克的妹妹被她与反法西斯分子和苏联间谍有牵连的报道吓坏了，命令家人销毁她的信件。

Fortunately her mother did not comply, stashing⁶ the correspondence in an attic⁷.

幸运的是，她的母亲没有照办，而是把那些信件藏进了阁楼里。

Harnack’s niece, Jane Donner, saw to it that the story was handed down to her own granddaughter, Rebecca Donner — who has produced a compelling portrait of her forebear’s courage, along with that of her German husband Arvid and their comrades.

哈纳克的侄女简·唐纳将这个故事传给了她自己的孙女丽贝卡·唐纳。丽贝卡·唐纳生动地描绘了她的先辈哈纳克和她的德国丈夫阿维德以及他们的同伴们的勇气。

Those who resisted the Nazis in Germany knew that they were marked.

那些在德国抵抗纳粹的人知道他们被盯上了。

Harnack and Arvid, who met and married while at the University of Wisconsin, were a young academic couple living in Berlin when Adolf Hitler became chancellor⁸ in 1933.

哈纳克和阿维德在威斯康辛大学相识并结婚，1933年阿道夫·希特勒就任德国总理时，他们还是一对住在柏林的年轻学者夫妇。

Immediately they formed a “discussion circle” of students, friends, factory workers, professors and writers, debating what to do as the Nazis locked up their enemies.

他们立即组成了一个由学生、朋友、工厂工人、教授和作家组成的“讨论圈”，探讨如何应对纳粹对他们敌人的关押。

Over the years the circle’s resistance strategies evolved, from leaflets to recruitment of new members to serving as Soviet spies while posing as “a dutiful servant of the Third Reich”.

多年来，这个组织的抵抗策略不断演变，从散发传单到招募新成员，再到伪装成“第三帝国的忠实仆人”充当苏联间谍。

1 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

2 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

3 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

4 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

6 stashing   

v.贮藏( stash的现在分词 )；隐藏；藏匿；藏起

参考例句：

7 attic   

n.顶楼，屋顶室

参考例句：

• Leakiness in the roof caused a damp attic.屋漏使顶楼潮湿。
• What's to be done with all this stuff in the attic?顶楼上的材料怎么处理？

8 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。